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'wonilion rather than of censure. They are (
more interested than we; for, so far as they ■
are concerned, as a party, we solemnly e- ■
lieve their future success depends upon the
success of this measure. It is a leading mea
sure, involving the essential principles oi De
mocratic Republicanism—the undisputed off
soring of the old ’9B doctrines—and if it fait,
Ji" tost. It ought not to fail-IT CAN BE
CARRIED. In its present shape this bill
must certainly fail in the lower House. This
is beyond all doubt. There are many gal
lant spirits in that House, wedded to the Old
Republican Doctrines, and ready to sustain
them at every hazard. To them we must
now look. Let the bill, reported by the Com
mitteo of Ways and Means be taken up.
Every Republican will rally on that; and, if
so it can bo carried. This is our counsel.
It ’is a fatal error to believe that the Senate s
bill furnishes ground to stand on. Ihe foot
inn- it presents is as unsubstantial as quicksand
—°and they who trust to it will sink to rise no
more. Better, infinitely better do nothing—
and throw the responsibility on those who la
bor to defeat every measure. Firmness is all
that is wanting. The spirit, so far from cow.
ering under the apparent deieat, is rising to
meet the emergency. We speak advisedly
when wc say, the bill, as it was, will never be
surrendered. To the chivalry of the House
we look, to regain the lost ground —and we
are confident —nay, we speak with certainty,
that if the bill reported by the Committee of
Ways and Means be sent to the Senate, it
will pass that body. Ihe situation of manj
of its members rendered it, perhaps, proper
that the action should proceed from the popu
lar branch. To the House, therefore, we
look, to right matters, and to secure the pass,
ago of one of the greatest measures of re
form ever proposed in the country. Again
wc sav, we do not, wo will not dispair.
Washington Chronicle.
WESTERN GEORGIAN.
Rome, April 14, IS3S,
The following named gentlemen will act as
Agents for the Western Georgian:
Howell Cobb, Esq., of Athens, Georgia.
E. M. Johnson, Esq., ®f Gainesville, do.
S. Ripley, Esq., of Jefferson, do.
A. Erwin, Esq., of Cumming, do.
John S. Bell, Esq., of Spring Place, do.
R. M. Aycock, Esq., of La Fayette, do.
Turman Walthall, Esq., of Cedar Town,
Paulding County, do.
Leroy Pattillo, P. M. Monroe, do.
Charles Murphey, of Decatur, do.
We notice some remarks of tho “Southern I
Recorder,” in relation to an article of ours
published in the Western Georgian of the 24th
ult. Wo comply with tho request of tho Re
corder, and insert the whole letter of Gov. Gil
mer, ns well as the act referred to. It is possi
ble \vo may have taken a wrong view of this
enactment of tho Legislature, but until “better
argued into conviction” of our error, we shall
maintain a different opinion. The ‘Recorder’
is mistaken in tho outset, in saying that the
“Western Georgian seems disposed to com
plain of tho Governor for sending an effective
force” to secure us from Indian violence. We
have made no such complaint; neither have
we evinced a disposition so to do. Os this
fact wo think the “Recorder” will be convin
cod, by a re-perusal of the article it has noti
ced.
Another mistake of tho “Recorder” deserves
a word in passing. lie says “Tho Western
Georgian thinks that tho Regiment of Volun
teers raised in the different counties of Choro
keo, should have been tho Regiment mustered
into the service under Col. Lindsay." \\ T c
have never thought any such thing, nor have
we ever said any such thing, either orally or
in writing; and we challenge the “Recorder to
produce the proof, in support of his assertion.
' Wc have never believed that the Regiment or-|
ganized under the act in question,should be mus-I
tercd into the Exited States Service. The
act contemplates the protection of tho citizens
of the Cherokee country, and to have them
mustered into service by an United States offi
cer, would, of course, place thorn at tho dispo- :
sal of his Commander-in-Chief; and instead of
ccting for tho protection of “their homos and
firesides,” they might be translated to some'
distant place, to perform duties widely differ-1
ent from those which caused their organiza
tion. The act, if wo understand it, gives the
Governor tho right to call out these troops in
>he service of the State, and makes provisions
for their payment, when in actual service.—
'I he responsibility thus imposed upon the Ex
ecutive, is one which Gov. Gilmer dislikes to
shoulder. He is placed in a dilemma, either
horn of which my prove destructive to his fu-
ture political aspirations. If he should have I
the Regiment mustered into the service of the
State, and no Indian difficulties should occur
in the Cherokee country, then the people might
say, “You have squandered the public money
without cause.” On the other hand, if they’
are not called out, and the citizens of this sec
tion suffer from Indian hostility, the people will
say, “The Legislature has made provision for
our security, by a special enactment, which
the Governor has refused to carry into effect.”
In order to avoid these difficulties, he calls up
on the Cherokee Volunteers to be in readiness
to act ipimediately, when ordered. It is to be
a mounted Regiment, and they are to keep
horses ready for service, and every oth
er necessary equipment; to meet frequently to
be drilled, and yet receive nothing for their
watchfulness and labor. The truth is, that, if
the Gevernor has construed the law of the last
Legislature on this subject correctly—if his or
ders are in accordance with its spirit and inten
tion, then indeed, the blame must fall on the
Legislature.
But when we reflect, that according to the
instructions of Gov. Gilmer to those compan
ies, the citizens who compose them, are placed
p a situation in which they will be less calcu
lated to “protect” our country than the militia
under the old law, we can but believe that the
spirit and intention of the Legislature has been
either misapprehended through ignorance, or
wilfully perverted to avoid responsibility.—
The Colonel of this Regiment, scattered as it
is throughout eleven counties, can only call it
into service “when the Indians have assem
bled together for hostile purposes—under cir
cumstances which do not admit of the delay’
of sending for orders to the Governor.
We should like to know if the Colonel ofmi
litia has not the same authority under the mi
litia law? We should like further, to know if
the militia Colonel could not get his force to
gether in one fourth of the time—yea, one
tenth —which it would require the Colonel of
the Volunteer Regiment to collect his forces?
The “Recorder” charges us with perverting
both the letter and spirit of the Governor’s in
structions. As before remarked, both his let
ter and the act in question will be found in our
columns to-day, and the public must judge be
tween the “Recorder” and us.
HEAD QUARTERS, )
Mileedegville, 3d March, 1838. $
CAPT. WILLIAM F. LEWIS,
Sir —The peace and safety, the prosperity
and lives of the people of the Cherokee
country, are deeply concerned in the conduct
of your command. A mistake in your du
ties, or a departure from them, may involve
the country in an inian war; the greatest pos
sible evil to those who are exposed to its de
structive effects and exterminating cruelties.
The principal object of the formation of
your companies is to give security to our cit
izens, to overawe the revengeful spirit of the
lawless portion of the Indians, to prevent the
people flying from their homes and the coun
try, upon every rumor of danger; to protect
your families, neighbors and the people of
each county, upon sudden emergencies when
the U. States troops may not be present, or in
sufficient force to obviate danger.
The U. States Government and the State
authorities intend to preserve peace and re
move the Cherokees from the State without
violence if possible* All their efforts are di
rected to the accomplishment of this object.
You will, therefore, make no attacks whatever
upon the Indians, but endeavor to prevent all
others from molesting them whilst they re
main peaceable. Until the 25th of May,
the Indians have a right to retain their pos
sessions, and to remain undisturbed in the
country. You have nothing to do with dis
arming them, or removing them from their
fields until that time, and then only in co-ope
ration with, and upon the request of the U.
States officer to whom the duty of removing
them is intrusted by the President of the U.
States.
1 have been asked by some of you, whether
the Captain of a company is not authorized
by the 3rd Section of the law to call his com- ■
pany to the field. Certainly not. The Colo
nel ot that regiment is the commander spoken
of who has that power; and he can only do
so when the Indians assemble together for
hostile purposes and under circumstances
which do not admit of the delay of sending
for orders to the commander in chief, and
when the U* States troops cannot prevent the
danger.
I have received a great many applications
to call the companies into the field at once.
Mixed up together r.s the Indians are with
our people throughout the whole Cherokee
country it is believed to bo impolitic to call
you into service except in cases of actual dan.
ger and for self-defence. The men of the
country could not consent, nor ought the Gov- ■
ernmer.t to require them to leave their fam
dies and property exposed to the attacks of
neighboring Indians when hostilities com- !
mence. The whole country might be de- ;
populated by such policy. Until there is a
probable prospect of the Indians rising in
arms, I have no right to call you to the field.
I have understood that some of those who
will be the owners of the lands now occupied
by the Indians are very desirous of using the
companies as a means of getting rid of their
occupants in time to put the lands into profita
ble cultivation. The lives of unoffending
women and children, and the whole property
of the citziens of the Cherokee country, are
not to be endangered for such an object. In
deed, I hope that the number of those who for
their own selfish and lawless purposes would
thus trifle with the rights and interest of the
whole country, are too few to have any influ
ence whatever, upon the conduct of any mem
ber of the company.
I have also been warned, that there were
many persons who have desired to connect
themselves with the companies for the pur
pose of getting the pay of mounted men by
directing the companies from the purposes of
preserving the peace of the country and
effecting the quiet removal of the Indians to
such course as would require the companies
to be called to the field. I know that there
are such persons; but it wou,d appear to be
impossible that they can be sufficiently numer
ous to be able to control the conduct of any
one company composed as they all are, of cit
izens whose families, friends and property be
long to the Cherokee country. If any per
son should be detected in such conduct, his
punishment will be made a warning example
to those who would sacrifice the public safety
to their own private ends.
Some of you complain that troops have
been drawn from other parts of the State for
the defence of the Cherokee country, instead
of calling your companies into service. The
duty of protecting the people of the State
from Indian violence, and executing Indian
treaties, belongs to the President of the U.
States. It is only when the President fails to
discharge that duty within the State of Geor
gia, that the Governor of the State is author,
ized to call the militia into the field. The
President is of the opinion, that the property
and lives of the people of the Cherokee coun
try, will be most certainly guarded by drawing
the troops necessary for that purpose from
parts of the country where there are no In
dians, leaving the volunteer companies and
militia of the Cherokee country to strengthen
the defence of their own homes, neighbor,
hoods and counties. He has promised that an
ample force shall be provided for the protec.
tion of those who arc exposed to the attacks
of the Indians. He is accordingly ordering
companies into those positions where the peo.
pie are most exposed to numerous bodies of
Indians, as rapidly as the extent of the dan
gerappears to require. So long as the Pres
ident continues to do this, it is not proper to
order out any of your companies. It is sure
ly no serious cause of complaint, that you
are permitted to remain at home attending to
your own affairs ready to protect your fatui
lies and property, that you have arms put
into your hands, and companies organized to
give protection to your homes and neighbor
hoods, and that troops are sent from other
parts of the State to give you additional se
curity.
Whenever I am convinced that the pro
tection of the Cherokee people requires any
of your companies to be ordered into service,
I shall not fail to order them. I will do what
ever I can to add to the security of the coun
try, give peace and quiet to the people, and
remove the Indians from the State.
It is important to the public service, that I
should be constantly and accurately informed
of the temper and movements of the Indians
in each county. You are therefore reques
ted to write to this office as often as may be
necessary for that purpose. Take care to
have your arms and ammunition constantly
in good order and ready for immediate action.
Give your orders to your non commissioned
officers in such manner that the company may
be assembled in the shortest possible time.
Muster them frequently, so as to improve
their discipline and render them efficient when
called to the field. If the Indians in your
country should commence hostilities, you will
not wait for orders from the Colonel of the
regiment, or the Commander-in-chief, but put
yourselves under the command of the Colonel
of the militia of the county, or otherwise de
fend the people in the best manner you can.
The laws of self-defence will justify you in
the course.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
AN ACT
To provide for the protection of the citizens of
the Cherokee Country, and for the removal
of Cherokee and Creek Indians from the li
mits of this State.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the State of Geor
gia, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby
enacted by the authority of the same, I hat
there shall be organized in the counties of Un
ion,Gilmer, Lumpkin. Murray,Walker, Floyd,
Cass, Paulding, Cobb, Cherokee, and For
sythe, a company of sixty mounted men each,
including officers, to bo raised by volunteers
where no company is already organized and
commissioned for that purpose.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That so soon as said volun
teer companies are termed, they shall proceed
to elect the usual company officers, and report
the same to his Excellency the Governor, who
shall issue the necessary commissions for tach,
accordingly.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That said companies shall be
organized, commissioned, and considered »n
the service of the State, w hen called out by the
Executive of this State, unless a movement a
mong the Indians should create such an emer
gency as will require, in the opinion of the
commanding officer, immediate action, in
which case he may call them forthwith to the
field, and report his reason to the Executive for
having done so.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That the said companies
shall, on the twentieth day of January next
proceed to the Court Houses in the aforesaid
counties, to elect Colonel and Lieutenant Col
onel as is usual, each officer preserving his re
gular grade and command, and the several re
turns of the elections,superintended by the Cap
tain, first Lieutenant and second Lieutenant,
and by them certified, shall be forwarded to
Cassville, Cass county, and there consolidated
by at least three of the Captains commanding
said companies, and the result thereof shall be
certified to the Governor by said Captains, and
the Governor shall issue commissions accord
ingly.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That the whole of said com
pany shall be under the command of said Col
onel and Lieutenant Colonel as is usual, each
officer preserving his regular grade and com
mand; and said Colonel shall have the liberty
of forming each staff as is customary with
Colonels commanding Regiments.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, by the au
thority aforesaid, That it shall be the duty of
said commander to co-operate with the United
States troops, if necessary, in removing all the
Cherokee and Creek Indians from within the
limits of this State, immediately after the 24th
day of May next.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That the officers and men
who may be called into service under the pro
visions of this act, shall receive for and during
the time of actual service, such pay as is allow
ed to mounted men in the service of the Uni
ted States, and that the Governor shall, and
he is required to pay the same, as well as all
other expenses incident to the whole of said
service in this bill mentioned, out of any mon
ies which shall be appropriated for that pur
pose.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That his Excellency the
Governor, be, and he is hereby required lo fur
nish said Companies, with the necessary arms
and ammunition to complete their organiza
tion, and fit them for active service.
Assented to, 26th December, 1837.
From tho Savannah Georgian.
INDIAN HOSTILITIES.
From the Hon. Jabez Jackson we yesterday
received the estimates of the department of
war, on the above subject, submitted to the
committee of ways and means, and published
by order of the House, from which we learn
that the aggregate of the amount required by
the war department for the prevention and
suppression of Indian hostilities during the
year 1835, is $5,275,682 88.
Department of War, March 17, 1838.
Sir: The estimates ofthe several bureaus in
my department, which are herewith submitted
to the committee, will appear to be high; but
the war in Florida and the apprehended hostil
ities in the Cherokee country, render it neces
sary that this department should be able to car
ry on one and repress the other. In both cases,
the exhibition of a large force is necessary.
In tho event of the regular forces being in
creased, the mi'itary operations will be con
ducted with much more economy than they
have hitherto been. The expenses of march,
ing large bodies of militia to and from the the
atre of war will be avoided; and, in such cases
as may render the employment ofthat descrip
tion of force absolutely necessary, care will
be taken to conduct the administrative branch
of the service by officers ofthe regular staffi
In providing for the continuance of the war
in Florida, I ought to state that General Jes
sup entertained hopes of bringing it to a suc
cessful close with this campaign; but, at the
period he was expecting the Indians to surren
der in the South, a party in his rear were
i committing depredations on the defenceless in
habitants of Middle Florida, accompanied by
■ all the outrages and cruelties which usually
i attend savage warfare. A sufficient force
must be left, therefore, in the territory, for the
protection of the inhabitants during the sum
mer, and the residue will will be moved up to
the Cherokee nation. All accounts concur
that danger is to be apprehended in that part
of our country, about the period assigned by
law for the fulfilment of the treaty with that
people; but it is hoped that the exhibition of a
sufficient force will avert it, by convincing the
Indians of the utter hopelessness of resistance.
The estimates are accompanied by a state- i
ment explanatory of the estimates herewith
presented, in order to exhibit to the committee
the precise amount required. These sums
are exclusive of the estimates for the regular 1
army, and of all sums heretofore appropriated |
and will, it is believed, be sufficient to meet
the exigences of the service for the prevention
and suspension of Ind : an hostilities for the
year 1838.
It is proper to state that the appropriation of
81,000,000, made on the 30th of January;
last, was wholly absorbed by the arrearages'
of 1837, and is not, therefore to be considered
a part of the expenditure of the present year.
Including this sum, the appropriations for pre-1
venting and suppressing Indian hostilities in,
1837, amount to 86,600,000—81,324,317 12
more than the amount of the estimates now
submitted- Though it is hoped that this a
mount will be more than necessary during the
year, yet the department considers it unadvis
able to reduce it, in consequence of the pro
priety and necessity of providing for every
contingency; and, among others, for the ex
penses incident to the employment of volun- ;
tears and militia that may be called out by the
proper military officer, or by the governor of
a state, containing, or adjacent to a large In.
dian population, for the purpose of repressing
any sudden outbreak of those people, without
waiting for the previous sanction of the Presi
dent. This consideration, and the general un
certainty as to the amount of force it may be
necessary to employ to continue the opera
tions in Florida, to prevent or repress hostili
ties on the part of the Cherokees, and to pre
serve the peace on our western frontier, ren
der it impracticable to enter into any thing
like an exact calculation of the probable a
mount of the expenses of the year. Amidst
such uncertainty, the department can only ex
ercise its best judgment; and this it has done,
in estimating for the amount now asked.
Very respectfully, your ob’t serv’t.
J. R. POINSETT.
Hon. C. C. Cambreleng,
Chr. Com. Ways and Means H. of Reps.
BANK ARRANGEMENT—New Orleans.
We copy the following information from a
slip issued from the office of the Merchants?
Transcript, March 19.
“It affords much pleasure to be able to stat#
that an arrangement is bout to be entered into
by our different banks, similar to the better
portions of the first sixteen sessions of the bank
bill, which, if adopted, is calculated to restore
confidence —establish credit—and revive trade.
The heads of the different banks have held two
meetings which resulted in the adoption of the
following plan for future operation. The Pre
( sidents of all the banks are to meet on the Ist
of each month to receive the statements and
examine the condition of each bank, which
statements are to be published under the direc
tion of a committee appointed for that purpose.
The board of Presidents are empowered to de
mand a more full statement from whatever
bank they may think proper. The issues of
each Bank are to be inci eased pro rata to the
amount of their capital paid in, and the amount
of their profits and undeclared dividends.—
Those banks thinking proper, are allowed to
issue post notes in accordance with the provi
sions of the vetoed bank bill. Each bank will
be required to have in its vaults on the Ist
March next, 20 per cent, of its cash liabilities,
and on the Ist March, 1840, they are requir
ed to have 32| percent, of their cash liabili
ties, in gold and silver, and the resumption of
specie payment is to depend upon a perfect un
derstanding with the principal banks through
out the Union.
THE RAIL ROAD.
On Saturday last, the committee appointed
f to superintend the books of subscription to the
! Chattahoochee Rail Road and Banking Com-
I pany, reported the result of their proceedings,
1 which were in the highest degree gratifying to
the friends of the enterprise. More than one
I half of the whole amount of Stock required to
! be taken by the charter, had been subscribed
in this city alone, and in all probability, by
this time subscriptions from the country have
been received for the principal part of the re
maining Stock. So confident are the Stock
holders of this result, that they have already
called a meeting for the purpose of taking pre
liminary steps to an immediate organization of
the Company.
We hail this ns the beginning of better limes
for our city. She had slept over her true in
terests, until we were beginning to fear her
glory had departed. We rejoice to believe
that the spirit of entorprize has aroused her
from this slumber, and that she is reaching for
ward for the accomplishment of great results.
In casting oiir eye over the list of Stockhold
ers, we recognize, with the highest pleasure,
the names of our oldest and best ciliz as. tn n
of capital, stability, prudence, and experi' nee,
whose association is u sufficient guaranty fur
the accomplishment of the undertaking.
Nothing is needed for Ihe success; ul <xecu.
tion of this great work but the co-operation of
those sections of country, through which the
work is to bo conducted, and whose interest
arc, like ours, deeply identified with its suc
cess. Will they give this assistance to the
work? We wait for a reply—and our knowl
edge of their intelligence and public spirit war
rants us in saying they will do it.— Columbus
Enquirer.
The following is an extract of a letter from
an intelligent correspondent of ours in Penn
sylvania, who living on one of the lines of her
magnificent public works, has had an opportu
nity of observing and appreciating their effects.
It is within the knowledge of the writer, that
immense sections of mountain land in that part
of the country, which were again and again
abandoned for taxes, is now selling for from
fifteen to twenty dollars per acre. — Brunswick
Adv.
“I have often wondered why Georgia did not
commence a system of Internal Improvements.
From what little knowledge I possess of its
Geography and resources, there is no State in
the Union where Rail Roads and CanalsccnAd
be made with less expense, or produce greater
benefits to tho community. Our Pennsylva
nia improvements last season, notwithstanding
their unfinished state, and the pressure of the
times, paid nearly interest on their cost, and
some of our chartered Company Canals paid
30 per cent. I have no doubt when the Penn
sylvania Improvements are completed, and be
come permanent, they will pay 20 per cent,
on the cost, and the tolls be extremely low.'y
The revenue accruing to a State fiom tolis, I
hold but a minor consideration when com pan
ed with the value such improvements give to
property in their neighborhood, and the great
facility business receives. I think I am with
in the mark, when I say that the value of Rial
Estate in Pennsylvania has increased in con
sequence of her five times s