Newspaper Page Text
,tv>f *nm* are; nn.» tl.ry apr.w.r to l>c e
q „„ll, ol ••'tjnirmg Iml'it*
of inHuntry. At some ot ttie e*lal.ili»li-
In , „ii « <oomiIithI.Io )>oiiiciii ot tin-
ur«> rai*uit l»v tlie labour ol the
tchnlnr* awl teachers.
With these indirirtions it tvoohl scctn
that there is little hazard in ptonouuc-
ins, that, with jirojier nml vigorous ef
forts, they may receive an education e-
qual to that of the. laboring portion of
our community. Still, however, the in
teresting impiiry remains to be solved,
whether such an education would lead
them to that state of morality, civiliza
tion and happiness, to which it is the de
sire of the government to bring them, or
whether there is not something in their
situation, which presents insuperable
obstacles to surh astute ! lo answer
this inquiry, wc have but little experi
ence. There is certainly much encou
ragement to hope for tho best, Irom the
fart that the Cherokee nation, which
has made the greatest progress in educa
tion, has also made the greatest tow
ards this desirable state, but the expe
rience which it affords i- yet imperfect
They have adopted written provisions
fur tin ir government, toocopy ol which,
with an extract of a letter from the Rev
Jtlr. Steiner, a respectable Moravian
wl o has visited the nation at the inter
val of twenty years, and slates the. pro
gr< «s tv Inch they have made in that time,
m.d which accompany this report, mat k
ed It. 1. would respectfully refer the
House, as furnishing the best testimony
of the actual progress w hich that nation
has made towards civilization. ’The
7,eal of the Cherokees for improvement
and the progress which they have made
are further evinced from the liberal pro
visions for a school lund, for w hich the
la-t treaty with them, ratified on the 10th
of March, 1019, stipulates, and the fact
that there are now established in the na
tion six schools, (two of which arc upon
the Lancasterian system) containing ii
the aggregate about 230scholars. Not
withstanding these favorable appearan
ers, many obstacles, difficult to tie sur
mounted, will impede the progress
the Indians to a state of complete civili
zation.
Y\ itlmut adverting to others, the poli
final relation which they hear tons, is ol
itself of sufficient magnitude, il not re
moved, to prevent so desirable a state
from being attained. We have always
treated them as an independent peopl
and however insignificant a tribe may
become, and however surrounded by
dense w hite population, so long as there
are any remains, it continues, indepen
dent of our laws and authority. T
tribes thus surrounded, nothing can be
conceived inure opposed to their happi
no-s and civilization than this state of
nominal independence. It has not one
of the advantages of real independence
while it has nearly all the disadvantage
of a slate of complete subjugation. The
consequence is inevitable. 1 bey lose
the lofty spirit and heroic courage oflhe
savage stale, without acquiring the vir
tues which belong to the civ ilized. De
pressed in (spirits and debauched in m
riffs, they dwindle a ' ay through a wretch
off existence, a nuisance to the sur
rounding country. Unless some system
can be devised gradually to change thi
relation, and with the progress ofeduca
tiun extend over them our laws and an
thority.it is feared that all efforts to ci
vilize them, whatever flattering appear
nm.es they may fora time exhibit, inns
ultimately fail. Tribe after tribe will
gink., with the progress of our settle
incuts and the pressure of our popula
lion, into wretchedness and oblivion.—
Such has been their past history, and
Such, without this change of political re
Irttion, it must probably continue to lie
To effect it, many difficulties present
themselves. It will require the co-ojie
ration of the General Government and
the States, within which the Indians may
reside. Willi a zealous and enlightened
co-operation, it is, however, believed
that all difficulties may tie surmounted
and this w retched but in many respect
noble race, be ultimately brought within
(lie pale of civilization. Preparatory to
so radical a change in our relations to
wards them, the system of education,
which lias been adopted ought to be put
into extensive, and active operation —
This is the foundation of all other im
provements. It onsilit gradually to he
followed with a plain and simple system
of laws and government, such as hag been
adopted by the Cherokees, a proper
Compression of their settlements, and a
division of landed property. I>v intro
ducing gradually and judiciously these
improvements, they wili ultimately at
tain such a state of intelligence, industry
and civilization, as to prepare the way
■for a complete extension of our laws and
authority over them.
Before I conclude, I would respect
fully refer the House iff Bepre«enta
lives for more full and ffc'ailed informa
tion, in i 1 ition to tho progress made In
the Indians in civilization, to the report
of the Rev. Dr. Morse, which was laid
before the l!(fn*o in pursuance of a re
goluli m of tin: 22J January last.
All which is respectfully submitted.
J. C. CALHOUN
To the President of the United Slates.
M1W WORK.
A work has just appealed at Washing
ton. from the pen of “John Taylor, ot
Caroline Virginia.” entitled “ Tyranny
Unmisko —or the internal and oslor-
r 11 p.ffirv of the United States, in rola
tior to i>'.'rieiilt>iro, commerce and inanu
furtnre-, anil the tendency of the present
Confederated powers of tho United Stales
♦<*u ir.ls a consolidated povornment.
Fricci in boards, 1 50; bound $ I 75.
IVeckhj Rag.
WnUrUisN.
LATEST FROM I ItANCP..
A Poslei ipl to tlm Philadelphia Gazette
nirutinns the in rival of 1 lie slop Marius, eapt,
Williams from Marseilles. She brings Pa
ns n.qiers to the Util ol February—trunslati
from whis Ii are promised lur tho next
Capt. Williams states that nothing now
evaileil In piaiiie. The pie-pert ot a
ar w ith Russia and Turkey had nearly
disappeared.
Nf.w-York, March 22.
By the Liverpool Packet, arrived here
this forenoon, in iff days I rout Havre,
we. have received our tiles ot Paris pa
is of the 2d Feb. inclusive, which are
idled with debates, accounts of tho king’s
health—going to mass, tec. as usual.—
They contain extracts from London pa
pers ol'lho 29th January, but afford no
thing new.
SPAIN.
Madrid, 2l«t January.
An extraordinary courier armeff Irani
ville on the PJth, which place he left
on the 10th ; he announces that that ci
ty was much agitated on the evening ol
the loth. The disturbance appears to
have been occasioned by the refusal ot
the commandant to communicate to the
people, who had assembled tumultuously
before his quarters on the arrival of a go
vernment courier, the contents oflns dei-
■atclies. Upon this refusal, the report was
preudtli.it the commandant had ordered
the troops to tire on the people, w here
upon the municipal council Millie military
commissaries summoned the new com
mandant to resign his authority into the
hands of Gonzales Bnrcena, who next
lav issued a proclamation thanking the
soldiers for having supported the de
mands of the people. 1 lie 15th Feb.
was the day taxed for the meeting of the
ordinary Cortes. The session ol the ex
traordinary Cortes would terminate on
121 ii—The king, it is said, was in
sulted by some gross exclamations in his
last walk.
Paths, January 31.
The Nuremburg Correspondent con
tradicts the rumor given by an Augsburg
Journal, of Russia’s declaration of war
against the Porte Laving been received
at Munich.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
By the arrival of the fast sailing ship Cad
inus,Capt. Whitlock, in 11 days from Liver
pool, the Editor of the .Vnhonal JIdvocult
lias received London dates of the 27lii, and
Liverpool of the 20th January. The Cad
inns sailed in company with ship Nestor,
on the 4tli February, hut we understand she
brought no papers later than the above, the
packages having been put on hoard that ship.
As the packet is hourly expected, we shall
then have intelligence of a later date.
Turkey and Russia.—In tho papers be
fore us, vvu find little, else than speculation-
and conjectures as to the affairs of Turkey
Alluding to the ultimatum offered by Russia,
the London Times, after observing that
they had hitherto been extremely tardy in
publishing the prevailing reports on the sub
ject, because they considered them insecure
or unfounded, goes on to state— 11 We may
now, however, safely assert, that a de-
lioitivo arrangement lias been offered by
Turkey, to which, if her executive govern
ment have power to give it effect, Russia
ought to accede. Russia complained that
Turkey had advanced troops in great force
into Wallachia, contrary to the obligation
of a private treaty. The Porte consents to
withdraw the whole of the troops, leavio
the vic tim of revolution, M»d iHicr mon
arch were in reality it tree anil indepen
dent Sovereign, such n proceeding w mild
excite political speculation ol no ordina
ry interest ; and it would lend also to e-
vents of no ordinary importance. I lie
recognition of Chilian independence,
however, is the act mcicly ol the Lot
tes, n deliberative body cruiiled by the
revolution, and consequently not iinl.i-
vorahly disposed towards successful re
volution in other quarters. 1 lie state
of .Spain too, is such that she cannot ut
ter even an angry word at this breach
of amity, still less intlict punishment.
“ It lias been recommended by one ol
our contemporaries, that wc should fol
low this enlightened policy, that is, we
should violate every principle of nation
al good faith, for the paltry considera
tion of contingent commercial benefit.—
The relations ol peace and amity still
subsist between this country and Spain,
and while they subsist, we should not
he justified in establishing similar rela
tions with a portion of her revolted sub
jects. 'True it is, that Spain has irreco
verably lost her transatlantic colonies,
but till she formally renounces her pro
tensions, by a solemn recognition of their
independence, they can only lie regard
ed ns in a state of successful rebellion;
therefore by acknowledging the rebels
,i« the organs of a legitimate government
would be an act of open hostility towards
the parent state. The policy which
England has hitherto pursued, has been
truly enlightened, and her own best in
terests, those of justice and honor, are
intimately blended with her persever
ance in that policy. She lias remained
neutral during the struggle. Let her
continue so. The period is not far dis
tant when nil the advantages that could
have been derived from an opposite
course will he within our reach, and
may he enjoyed without the reproach ol
pel tidy. It would ill become the proud
character of a country like Great Britain,
which has shewn on every occasion the
purity of her motives, to imitate the sin
ister intrigues of juggling cabinet* ; and
still less, the faithless diplomacy of revo
lutionists, whose practice is, on all oc
casions, whatever tlipir precepts may
he, to make the end justify the means.
Nations, like individuals, never violate
honesty with impunity ; and the patriots
of Portugal may vet he taught, in the
Bi tizil*. that it is a dangerous experiment
to assist revolted colonies in establishing
their independence of the mother coun
try.”
to fill these offucu.—Tim Washington fit
Gazelle names, among the gentlemen "pi
keu of, Messrs. John Brown, Poinsett of
Charleston, and Saudi’ id, (late Senatoi
friuii New-York.) Mr. Clay has also kern
mentioned.—Compiler.
NAVAL AFFAIRS.
Rumor has been very ba-y lor several
weeks on the subject uf the naval con
reins in Boston. The following state
ment is believed to lie correct :
Capt. Shaw mid limit. Abbott of the
Navy, advanced charges of misconduct
against Mr. Binney, the navy agent at
Boston, which implicated capt. Hull—
Tlieso charges have been inveMigated by
capt. Porter, sent on for the purpose by
government, & Geo. Blake, esq. district
attorney, mid found wholly groundless—
in consequence of which eapt. Shaw and
bout. Abbott have been put under arrest
for trial. A court martial lias been de
tailed, to commence its session on the
20tli inst. in Boston, which will consist ol
the following members: Cnpt«. Tin-
g< y Morris, Macdonough, Warrington,
Spence, Downes, mid Creighton. Nu
merous witnesses are summoned lo at
tend the tii.il —Providence Patriot.
Mr. Lefciivuc Dr.s xor.TTrs, is at present
in Washington—it will he l ecnllei led Hint lie
was one of the most distinguished generals
under Bonaparte, to w hom lie was aid-ile
camp at the battle of Marengo—and stihse
qucntly commanded the imperial guard in
I tie disastrous campaign against Russia,
which was invaded Gy an army of nearly hall
a million of men—lie was also engaged in
the Held at Waterloo, and il is said, if the ex
press injunction of Bonaparte had not been
giien, after the loss of that memorable eon
diet, it was, on tile retreat ol lhe Flench ar
ny towards Paris, in D -snotties’ power, to
have closed the events of the “ hundred
days,” by the destruction of several column::
of Prussians, amounting to upw ards of twen
ty thousand men,—but Bonaparte saw hi-
career was at an end, and would not consent
to shed needless blond, Desnocttes receiv
ed, in his course of service, nine severe
wounds, fought 102 pitched battles, besides
various inferior actions. He is mild and mi
assuming in his deportment, £i has for sunn
time past employed his hands in the cultiva
tion of the Boil. Il is thought lie has a lie
sire to return temporarily to Franrr, if tie
permission of that government lie obtained.
He is included in Bonaparte’s will, by a legs
ey of 100,000 francs.— .Vt’c transit gloria
mundi.—It asliington Gaz.
aaAfistRg and therefore nmbitious lve
'STinnld it however be Jli.s Win, that
we never meet again-- !>«* Hint will done
on Earth a* It is in Heaven—Amen.
JOHN HANDOLIM I, ol Roanoke.
I) i In,aril the d. mu Ini .r .5 a o' il u , under weigh
lo ltie Aie.iiy. biiurday M.iioli In, Isgg.
P, S. 1 did nut leiivi- 'ii \ seal until the
Cite of the. Bankrupt bill (to which my
mile was contributed) was ascertained.
In rase of need 1 was ready to vote on
tho 3d reading.
J. R. of R.
jinnAksAs Tt.nniTonv.
Lkxinoton, Ky. March 4.
Ttu.it. o? Att \vt: •.♦can nv t:h- r-ntr;* >
A From the .Yatimvil (.'■■-'Hr »
Teenoijt of the Tri. I and F
Ll>i. belongin ' lo tho American "shit
I .eiily, execulefl by the f 'hineso of Can
i hi.
On Saturday, Gth of Oeioln r, |", t|,„
day appointed for the trial ITen, i- Ti r
r.iituva, a seaman on lioanl the s|, 1 ’ini,v
ot Baltimore, on a charge of murder on the
person of a Chine.uj Woman, wen: as et:..
bled on hoard said ship nearly all Hsu Ain >ri-
cans resident at Canton, tile supercargoes of
the different ws-i Is then in poll, with thole
respective captains, to wit ness tlie trial in'
the above named seaman, when the follow
ing circumstances occurred.
The Pan-yu, or criminal judge of tho di-.
trict in which Witmpn.i is situati ri, at ar.
Robert Crittenden, Sunrelnry, who in I cnily hour left ( anton, and with an imrnens.
London, Jan. 2.7.
Dreadful Affray.— We regret to state that
advices from Ireland this morning are of a
serious character. It appears that some
insurgents assembled, on Monday week, in
tho mountains between Bantry and Mac
room, where they completely intercepted
all communication. Lord Bantry, at the
bead of a small party of the But h, under the
command of Maj. Caribou, attacked them
in their position, hut after a desperate eon-
lliet, and the exchange of many shuts on
both sides, tile former were obliged tore-
treat. One of the rebels was killed, and
three or four wounded. One of the soldiers
also was lelt on the field wounded, and, ac
cording to tile accounts in a Cork paper, the
ruffians literally cut bis body in pieces, and
carried off his head, as a trophy of victory.
Intelligence of this event being instantly
communicated to the proper authorities, a-
nother detachment of military, consisting
ol horse and foot, nailer the command of
plain Fitzclarence, set out for the plat
the province free-lmt on ennditiim that the w l,, r ' the n • .rjre I, t * 1
,, 1 . , , , , , . ,. w Here Hie insurgents hail posted themse Vi's,
Lmperor Alexander a so withdraws Ins or- llrr|va| how,-wo, they found the
i-es from their present threatening position ,
on the Turkish frontiers. Russia complains
of the ill-treatment of the Greeks, and the
destruction of their churches, for the safety
of which Russia, professing a similar faith
with the Greeks, stood pledged. Turkey
replies, that though these evils have been
brought upon the Greeks by their own re
bellion, she will still rebuild their churches,
and forgive their breach of allegiance.”—
We very much doubt tho accuracy of this
statement.—.Yut. .hlv.
The following article, on the subject
of the recognition of the independence
of S. America, is taken from the London
Courier of the 25th January. That
paper is well known to express the sen
timents of the ministry on political ques
tions ; ami the ground it assumes on this
occasion may he considered to he that
which the British Cabinet at present
maintains. It is, however, carrying an
abstract principle of national law to an
extravagant extent. While a nation is
engaged in hostility with a revolted co
lony. it has fair cause of war against any
power that recognizes the independence
of the insurgents.—But if the mother
country be compelled to abandon the
conflict, by withdrawing all its forces,
md the colonists he left to the undis
turbed enjoyment of freedom and inde
pendence. without any prospect of be
ing disturbed bv the parent government,
it is idle for the latter to complain of ti
ny nation that may recognize the sove
reignty of the colonist*. IfGcorge III
had obstinately refused to recognize our
independence lo the time of his death,
and had abandoned the contest at the
time lie did, lie could hardly have found
fault with Russia, had she sent us a min-
i-ter, when lie w as unable to send us a
bayonet.—A". Y. Cor?:. Adv.
“ We published yesterday a letler
from n Portuguese agent at Buenos
Ayres, to the envoy from Chili, at the
same place, in which the writer announ
ces tint his most Faithful Majesty, the
King of Portugal, has determined to re
cognize the independence of Chili. It
appears also, from this diplomatic epistle,
for such we presume it may he consider
ed, that a similar recognition will bo e\.
tended to all the different Republics of
South America, as fast as tlicv attain that
point, which hi« most Faithful Majesty
conceives to he the te*t of legitimate
government, namely, “ obedience to the
peop!
rebels so numerous, and the position so in
accessible, that it was deemed prudent not
to advance upon them without a rcinfnrce-
nient, and until communication was made
to the general of the district. This was ac
cordingly done, and sanguine hopes were
entertained, when the last advices left, that
measures sufficiently prompt and vigorous,
would forthwith he employed to allay the ter
ror which had been excited, and to secure
the punishment of the guilty. According to
one account, indeed, six of the insurgents
had been apprehended, after a smart en
gagement, and lodged in Bantry gaol. Kir
John Lambert despatched a strong division
of cavalry on Tuesday evening, who were
followed on Wednesday, by a further fori:
from Tire rucriMo.vn f.nqviiieh.
To the I'rccholdcrs of Charlotte, Bucking
ham, Prince Edtcard amt Cumberland.
My Friends—fur such indeed yw
have proved yourselves to he through
good and through evil report—I throe
myself on your tndtigencc, to which I
have never yet appealed in vain. It t?
now just live years since the stale of in .
health reluctantly compelled me to resist
your solicitations (backed by my own
wishes) to offer my services to your
suffrages. The recurrence of a similar
calamity obliges me to retire, for a while,
from tho field of duly, and if l shall timl
it impracticable to return tn December
next, my resignation (nlieady written)
will he tendered to the Governor in lint
to prevent your being unrepresented in
the next session of Congress. It would
be offered now, hut that the approach
ing close of the session would render a
re-election nugatory as to present pur
poses. The state of my affairs (as is well
known to some of you) requires my pre
sence at home—hut self preservation im
periously enjoins a suspension of all bu
siness whatsoever ; and indeetl, with all
my deticiences for the station in which
your partiality has been pleased to place
me, I have never yet postponed your in
terests to my ow n.
Should the mild climate of France and
the change of air restore tny health, you
will again find me a candidate for your
independent suffrages at the next elec
tion, (1823.)
I have an especial desire to be in that
Congress which will decide (probably by
indirection) tile character of (he Execu
tive government of the confederation for
the absence of Governor Mil i.r ti, ad
ministered the affairs ot" the territory of
Arkansas has just arrivpii in (his country,
and from a conversation we had w ith him
on the subject of the (strength of that
country, not the least danger is to lie
apprehended from I lie Indians. The
Cherokee* mill Usages arc at open w ar,
hilt the latter will only tight in prairies
or on horse-hack, while the latter pre
fer the thickest woods ; so that they are
not likely to meet. 'Tho Cherokee*
surprised an Osage village in the absence
<>f I lie wurtinrs, on a hunting party, and
made prisoners of nearly till tho women
and children, amounting to about ninety,
some of whom weie murdered in the
most shocking mariner. The Usages
have taken, in horses mul cattle, a much
greater amount of property ; but the ad
vantage in prisoner* i* st ill in favor of the
Cherokees. Governor Miller ordered
the latter to he at pence, but it was re
fused, on the ground Unit the Cherokee
nation was an independent, free people,
and at liberty to wage m ar or m Jv peace
at pleasure. An American trader resi
ding in the Indian country, has been
murdered by the Cherokees, and the
murderers were not given up by that
nation. The government of the United
States has furnished complete armour
I’ur 200horsemen anil about GOOirifantry,
who have been organized and prepar
ed ; besides there are about 100 men ot
the United States’ ariitv stationed in the
«amecountry ; a force sufficient to drivi
every Indian from the territory, if ii
should he nece*sar\ . The. Cherokee
tribes on the west side of the Mnsi-sippi,
are a part of die same nath'ii on the
Tennessee river, who removed to the
Arkansas since the year 1C17.
“ Pennsylvania against the IVorld."—Un
der this iliullo is ad v ei t iwi-il, in tin* I’uiladil-
plffa papirs, A HOG, neighing lSaglhs.a-
ffve, and supposed ti> hw the largest ever
know n uf tile Hog kind.
it least four years—perhaps forever
til infantry, lor the protection of this district, i since now, for the first time since the in-
Our next arrivals from Ireland will brin,,
more authentic details, both as to the origin
and termination of this lamentable event.
We cannot lay any paper before our rea
ders of so much importance as the Report
submitted to the House of Representatives
by the committee on Foreign Relations—
ol which Mr. Jonathan Russell is Chair
man. This Report presents in a strong and
condensed point of view, both the fact and
the law iff the ease both the situation of
each of the five great States of South A-
iiuuica, and the law of nations which calls
upon us to recognize their independence.
It is impossible to review the condition of
these Slates without the deepest interest.
Emerging Born a colonial despotism, which
far transcended even the thraldom which for
merly hound us to Great Britain—cutting
away those ligaments which lied a large
continent to a comparatively small portion
of Europe—ascending tn that independent
and elevated rank for which they were de
signed by Nature’s God—and introducing a
new set of sovereign powera into the politi
cal scheme of the world—these five States,
(Buenos Ayres, Chili, Bern, Colombia and
Mexico,) at e calculated to strike upon (In
attention of mankind, and to call forth all
our nivti sympathies in their favour.
Tlie Reimhit proposes to appropriate
3100,000 to tlie South Ameriean Mission—
It is the constitutional right of the President,
of course, to say how many foreign, minis
ters shall he dispatched In that country, and
the diplomatic rank which they shall.hold
Allowing the same grade of ministers to the
five Sooth American states, as we send to
Great Britain, France, Russia and Spain—
they will lie entitled to a salary of gfMOO .1
year, besides the customary outfit of $9000
more— linking Slk.OOO to each minister,
and 00,000 to the ivliole number. This is
only fortlie first year.—When the outfit has
been paid, and the minister continues in of
fice, the annual expense of the diplomacy
will scarcely exreed 3*0,000 ~
, , r n . , . i ■'«'* * ■. a iu,uu". Speculation
ii i Oeitigal were not at this moment J already begins oast ubwat far th» persens
stitulion of this governmejit, we have pre
sented to the people the nrmy-canilidate
for the Presidency in the person of hirn,
who judging from present appearance
will receive the support of the Bank of
the United States also. This is an union
of the purse and the sword w ith a ven
geance—one, which even the sagacity of P or,l 'd to he scare
Patrick Henry never Anticipated, in this " m!
shape at least. Let the people look to
it ; or they are lost forever. They will
fall into that gulf which tinder the artifi
cial military and paper systems of Eu
rope, divides Dives from Lazarus, anil
grows daily and hourly broader, deeper
and more appalling. To this state of
tilings, we arc rapidly approaching under
an administration, the head of which sit
an incubus upon the state, while the lieu
tenants of this now mayor of the palace
are already contending for the succes
sion, and their retainers and adherents
are with difficulty kept from coining to
blows, even on the floor of Congress
We are arrived at that pitch of degenera
cy when the mere lust of power, tin
retention ot place and patronage, cat
prevail not only over every considera
tion of public duty, but stille the suggos
lions of personal honor which even the
ministers oflhe decayed governments of
Europe have not yet learnt entirely to
disregard. Should God spare me. you
shall tie informed how it has cotno to
pass that, after settling the Florida ques
tion at the expense of a vast sacrifice of
territory “ south nf 3G and a lialfof North
latitude we are yet embroiled with
Spain—and, in passing, it may be a* well
to recollect that the command of the
Red River and the Arkansan’ (the gates
of New-Orleans) will have to be contest
ed, not with the imbecile and pony go
vernment of Spain, bnt with a young
Nashville, March 12.
TEXAS.
Wc learn that sevei a I ei'ierprising gentle
men in this town anil vicinity, have recentlj
funned an association ti> effect Hp vcliase of
kind, with a view to make an American set-
lleiiient in Texas. The follow ing hasty re
marks respecting this country are extracted
f ntn notes furnished the writer of this, by a
3|ianisli offieri' some time shirr.
On the sooth side of Red river and to
wards Its sourer, there is in the province of
Texas, much good land, lying w-ll for farm
ing and presenting every appearance of be
ing a healthy country.
The Sabine (the g'llf between Texas anil
the U. S.) is a shallow rapid stream, over
flowing its hanks—it is not navigable fur
hunts of large size. On it the land is rather
indifferent; compared with other pails of
tile territory, it is poor.
Chiei, and its tributary streams, Anguish
and Alngnque rivers, are smaller hut deeper
streams than the Sabine. C'hiri is navigaltli
fur forty miles (or boats of twenty tons bur
then.
Trinity river is navigable fur sixty miles
for vessels drawing not more than five feet
water, ke. eighty miles further for boats of
twenty tons burthen. The Bassos is tin
longest and largest river in Texas, hut it is
interrupted with shallows,and the hanks are
low arid the bottoms liable to inundation.—
The country on the Brasses is said to lie gp-
tierally good. The Colorado (whereS. Au
gustin’s settlement is located) affords good
navigation. The other streams are nut im
portant in a commercial point of view. At
the mouths of all those, rivers there are liars
upon which are from 3 to 12 feet water; ii-
long the coast there is n chain of islands
which protect open boats passing from one
river to the other against the storms of tho
sea.
'’or about sixty miles from the sea, the
country is generally iilluvial, some of it of
the richest kind, well adapted to the growth
of coffee, sugar, cotton, indigo, rice, corn,
tobacco, Sic. Timber in this district is re-
then the country for
miles broad, running
parallel to the ocean, is rolling ; lime-stone
appears in this tract ; the timber oak, hick
ory, walnut, hnckberry, elm, maple. The
soil io these hounds is of a good quality, in
many places very rich. This tract will pro
duce cotton, tobacco, grain, and fruit. Back
oft his tract, immense bodies nf prairie set
in. In these are incredible numbers of buf
faloes, elk, deer, horses, cattle, See. ke.
In a commercial point of view no country
presents better prospects; the pints ol
Matagorda and Galce-town are equal to any
on the western sh ir*-of the gulf. Ollier har
bor* will no doubt el n ini attention, us soon
as the country becomes settled. There arc
a number of silver mines in different di*
tricts of the country, and there are some ol
other minerals, as zinc, copper, and iron
ore,
Since the republicans have underti
the government of *»td .Spain, the intenden
cy nf New Mexico has been thrown opr
to American settlers, on the most liberal
term*. Those emigrants from tlie slot
dined tn loeate themselves in tin- ,Spum*h
dominions are required !n bring with ihein
tesliinnninls'of having sustained a good
r nter in the place vr > -.err they have migrated
from—these testimonials are examined ui
if found satisfactory by the i-ooimuhilan
of the district where the emigrant v. i-ties l>
settle, a permit is given tn explore any pari,
and where there is public land lie is entitled
to enter without fee or price, a quantity in
proportion to the size of his family.
He can then on application obtain a gift
in the name of the King, of sn inin h pro
vision as will last fur one year, he can lior
row ns many tools as his pursuit* will re
quire and as much stock as wilt b:: necesia
ty tusteek Lis farrrr.
rctinlte proceeded to tile ship, oil hoard i
iviiich the trial wus to take place. Tie-.
Hong merchants uud linguists were also in
attendance. Upon the I’an-yu reaching the
deck ol the ship, he addressed himself to tin:
Americans, and through the linguist declar
ed that the property and the ship were tin n
under his protection, and any damages si,*.,
might sustain, he would i eimhurre, upon a
proper representation. With thi* declara
tion he advanced to the chair of judgment
and look Ills seat. The Hong merchant
who secured the ship, anil her litigui t, were,
then called up ; and afire making the usual,
j protestation*, acknowledged themselves in
| their different rapacities. The l’an-yu then
assured us of his I’rii-niilydisposiliun, of his-
desire to avoid rather than create trouble,of
the sacred duly in* was about to di-ihaige,
and appealed to Heaven for the judgment of
the motives by which himself was actuated.
tie then asked what defence the Aini-ti-
eans were prepared In make for the prisoner.
Il was replied, our evidence can prove that
the jar, w hich is said to he- the Instrument?
(hat caused her death, was f.di ly deliicn d
by the accused, into the iratals of tin* w o
man, and that site fell tivin-iiunrd at the dis
tance of 30 feet and upwards fiom the Emily <
that she was seen from on hoard the Men;
of Mulown, an English vessel laying neav
the Emily, to fall overboard whilst in the act
ot sculling her boat ; and that no jar or any
such instrument was thrown at her, and
caused tier falling into the n liter—that (rein
tlie relative situation of the hunt with the
ship, it was impossible to strike the woman
on tlie side of tin* head, on v l.irh the wound
was indicted ; and that the jar euuld never
have cut Hie hat in the aninner in which we
then fi nv it. \W (Juuliin i| ua <mr IhTkT,
that tin* woman having brrn Mtimt by the
strength of thr tidr soinr diNtann* from the
sli»p, in her nn\i«*ty to regain her station-,
hail hy a misstep, fallen ovci hoard ; anri
v\ hil~t m the art, had struck In r hi ad against
the pivot on which the scull moves, or the?
shaipedg- of tlie Imat, which caused the*
wound upon the head.
This defence wc ui”pd in n general way X
and stated our ability to substantiate hy e-
\ideiice, what vvehad iheo declared. The
Pan-yu then called for the Chinese witness
es; tile husband of the wornr.ii drowned, a
woman heinngiiij; to a hoj.po I nat alongside
and two chiidi cn, fioin o to 11 \ ♦ ais of agt» f
who gave tin ir evideiue on their knees,
theii heads ho\v«d to tho earth, hut whiih
the Pan-yohad nevti < vplained to us. We
icipiested that the w«*man, w ho appeared
to be tile principal witness, should speak tr»
us in English, as she underwood it lat hotter
than til- linguist, w ho from ignorance, could
not explain her testimony, nr from the fear
•*ft-flViidi!!* the Pan-yu, who we hadalrea-*
dy d -<*.«>vcred, had pi*judg'd tlie matter,
'•nd Was ea .ei foi the man's conviction, gave*
us mi in nil statements. The request waa
icfuscd, hut ue were then informed that thi*
woman saw the jar thi nw n, and the woman*
tail on rboaid in consequence of the blow.
VV. hninedsatei) att* mpted to (•onviticfy
the Pan-yu, that, from the position of th«*
hopp«» boat, riding astern of the ship it
was impossible for this woman to haw- wit-*
nessed the transaction, and that-he had de
clared, liefoie set era! gentlemen, who were*
then present, her tot 1 ignorance of (lie
all.br, until hei attention was called to the*
cru s of a chi d, when she saw a hat floating*
on the surface of the water, and a man scul
ling auxioudy towards it. We urged that as
slit* had given contradictory statements, her
evidence should be wholly di penacd with.—-
Tli«* instruments of torture were then pro
duced, hut not applied, and the woman in
terrogated by tin* Pan-yu, adhering to what
she bad just stated, wa s excused by him, by
saying “ she had spoken differently., to gain
the favour of the Americac >, blit she now
spoke tiuth, il not, he assured us heaven
would punish lu r.” Wu then proved that
the children, produced as witnesses, saw no
part of the a Hair, a,s they were brought from
shore*, some lime alter it had occurred. —
To this, nor any thing we urged, would tho*
Pan-yu listen, and invariably silenced llnu-*
qua and the linguist, when they were ex
plaining our statements. He said he had
hiinsHt seen tin* woman and the jar; believed-
the mao guilty ; if lie had judged wrong
fully, it was Heaven’s business, Sc in a pa-si-
from his chair to conclude the trial.
We then complained of bis conduct to tho
llong men chants, and accused them, of a
breach of their contract, inasmuch ns the*
had not heard our witnesses. The Pan-vu
was prevailed on to resume his chair, and
a:i American sailor was brought forward,
hut the judge seemed determined not to
bear him, a» d after about half an hour ppent r
in the greatest confusion, the P.m-y’u in a
rage, b it the deck, and repaired on hoard
his own boat, leaving tlie liong merchants
and Linguists to see hi was obeyed.
Thus concluded this mocker y nf fustic**,
where the Chinese had agreed to receive
foreign evidence upon the same footing a*r
their own, and equal confidence should be
reposed in them. After the Pan-yu had left,
the ship, the IJong merchants i:i his name,
demanded the prisoner. We expressed on*
dissatisfaction in the ino**l uoiritcd manner,
ar.il licensed them of a breach of f.uth, re
minded I lie n of their jironjises and < ngr ge-*
merit-, and expressed our conviction that
tin* man was prejudged and his trial was
only a f in! to obtain posyesdn.i of hi* per
S'»n. We iitiluithstaudi ig acknowledged
ottrselvi s amenable, to lb* laws oflhe coun
try, and declared no resistance would be
mado to th ir enforci meat, but as they bad
violated every pi inr pie of honor and good
!
!«T, U e »’l
be man
faith, am
ty, is n. t binding on the of
ly declined tnirrrm!. i in
to force, and with him
(lag, and surrender* d tin
now in your power—the t
d hy men and boats—'
her o. ly about forty —ye
red—take the man — but tin* flag
w’• ve over the beads of those if <
feet against injustice. The ciicunt
in it»elf of no importance had >u< *
'm*. Pan-yu, that he rei'u nl fo tak
if striking tlie fl >g was to he
•pi* nee. The Hong ruuetiert:
made many utliim u to oWm
m. ,
many Imnd*
g shall neve;
i cannot pro-