Newspaper Page Text
VOLUME XLYII.
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, APRIL 10, 1866J
NUMBER 15.
Iv. M . O R M E & SON
EDITORS AMD PROPRIETORS.
Terms
-$-3
per annum, io Advance.
TRANSIENT AD VEKTISIKK.
Per square often lines,each insertion,
LEttAl. ADVERTISING.
Ordinary's.—Citations for Letters of Ad-
m ini*trfi?ion, by Administrators, Executors,
(Jasrdians, Ac
Api)lication.for Letters of Dismission from
administration
Application for Letters of Dismission from
Guardianship
Application for leave to sell Land
Notice to Debtors and Creditors 3 00
Sales of personal or perishable property,
pt , square of Unlines •— 1
Sales of Land, per square of ten lines —. 4
Sheriff's.—Each levy of ten lines. or less, 2
Mortgage sales of ten lines, or less 5
Aii advertisements of sales by Sheriffs
exceeding ten lines, will be charged in pro-
portion.
Tax Collector’s sales, per square
Cier'a's-—Foreclosure of Mortgage and
other monthly advertisements, $,1 00 per
square of ten lines tor each insertion.
p„ r i man advertising his wife, in adcance, 20 00
Tributes ot Respect, Resolutions by So
cieties, Obituaries, &c., exceeding sir lines,
, 0 charged as transient advertising.
,sa:es of Laud, by Administrators, Ex
ecuois or Guardians, are required by law to
be held on the first Tuesday in the month, be
twe^n the hours of ten in the forenoon and three
ia the afternoon,at the Court-house iu the county
in which the property is situated.
Notice of those sales must be given in a public
razotfe 10 days previous to the day of sale.
Notices for the sale of personal property most
be divert in like manner 10 days previous to sale
day.
00
5 00
3 00
5 00
5 00
PUBLIC LAWS.
An Act to allcw Attorneys and Solicitors cf this
State to argue their causes in the Supreme Court
of Georgia, by written argument, and for other Gog, not being .at tho time on the premises
An Act to make the owners and possessors of mis
chievous dogs, or persons having charge of tho
same, liable for damages, and for other purposes.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted, fyc., Thai if any
REVISED r*V THE SOUTHERN RECORDER.
2d Monday
SUPERIOR COURTS.
JANUARY. JULY
3d Monday, Floyd
. AUGUST.
lslMouday, Lumpkin
Folk
2d Monday, Dawson
Clark
Paulding
3.1 Monday, Campbell
Forayth
Glascock
, Chatham
Fioyd
FEBRUARY.
lst.Vtond«y,Clark
Polk
Lumpkin
2d Monday, Dawson
Paulding
Id Monday, Campbell
Forsyth
purposes
Sec. 1, Be it mated by the General As
sembly off (he St ate.off Georgia, That Attor-
neys and .Solicitors, who have or may have
causes pending in the Supreme Court of
this State, may argue the same in writing,
■hereinafter set forth.
Sec. 2. That when any Attorney or
Solicitor shall from any cause, desire to
make his argument in writing, he shall
piepare the came, and address the pack
age containing it to the Clerk of the £>u-
preir.e Court of Georgia, which said writ
ten argument shall be filed in the Clerk’s
cilice of said Court by or before the com
mencement of the terra to which it is made
returnable, snd it shall be the duty of
said Clerk, when the cause 16 sounded, to
furnish the Court whh said argument,
which argument it shall be the duty of the
Court to read, or cause the same to be
done.
See. 3. It shall ha the duty of the At
torney or Solicitor for the plaintiff in er
ror when forwarding his argument in writ
ing, to furnish a sum sufficient to pay the
costs of said suit, and in default thereof,
his cause shall be liable to be dismissed.
of the owner, possessor or person having
charge thereof, shall kill or injure any
hogs, cattle, sheep, goats or other live
stock, the property of any other person,
then and in such cake, the owner or per
son possessing or having such dog in
charge shall be liable to be sued in’‘any
Court having jurisdiction thereof, for such
damages as may have been sustained by
the killing or maiming of any hogs, cattle,
sheep, goats or other live stock so killed
or injured, and full costs of suit.
Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved 15th February 1866.
Glascock
Houston
Houston
Meriwether
Meriarellie r
W a lton
Walton
4th Monday .Baldwin
4 hMonday, Baldwin
J ackson
J seksou
Monroe
Mou roe
Taliaferro
Taliaferro
Th’aday before, I
list Monday, Walker
Th’sday afi’r, Pierce
1st Monday in > Pierce
September, j
SEPTEMBER.
M ARC H.
18 iMouday, Appling
lit Monday, Appling
Chattooga
Chattcoga
Cherokee
Cherokee
Columbia
Coweta
Coweta
Columbia
Crawford
Crawford
Madison
G wiiffielt
Marion
Madison
Morgan
M arion
2d Motiday .Butts
Morgan
Bartow
2d Monday .Butts
Coffee
Bartow
Elbert
Coffee
F uyerte
Elbert
Greeue
Fayette
Gwinne 11
Greene
Pickens
Tickens
Washington
Washington
Webster
Webster
3d Monday Cobb
Thursdavaft’r Montgomery Calhoun
3d Monday, Cobb
Calhoun
Hall
Hart
Hall
Heard
Hart
Macon
Heard
Newion
Macon
Talbot
Newton
Ware
Talbot
4tliMonday, Clinch
Tattnall
Chattahooche*
Ware
Johnson
Friday after,Bulloch
Lee
4th Monday,Ciincli
Mitton
Chattahooche
e Putnam
Johnson
Twigg*
Lee
Wilkes
Sec. 4. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved 19th February, 1S6G.
An Act to authorize and empower the Judges o*
the Superior Courts of this State to hold Special
Terms for the trial ol criminals, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted, That from and after the
passage of this Act the several Judges of
the Superior Courts of this State be, and
they are hereby authorized to bold Special
Terms for the trial of criminals in aDy
couDty of their Circuits at discretion, and
to compel the attendance of Grand and!
Petit Jurors, either of a previous term or
to draw new Jurors for the same, accord
ing to the laws now in force.
Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting law's.
Approved 5th February, 1866.
An Act to change the time when the Justices of
the Inferior Court must draw Juries for the Su.
peiior Courts, and to legalize the holding of cer
tain Superior Courts.
Sec. WBe it. enacted by the General
Assembly,, that hereafter when any Inferior
Court shall, in accordance with the pro-,
visions of the Code, draw Juries for the
Superior Courts, said drawing and Juries
shall be legal if done in time to perfeet
service on said Jurors, and the require
ments of the law are, iu all other essential
rejects, complied with.
Sec. 2. That any Superior Courts which
may have been held with Jnrors drawn by
the Inferior Courts in less time lhau sixty
days before the term of said Courts, are
hereby, in all their acts, declared legal
and valid.
Approved 5lh February, 1866.
An Act to perfect service against Express Com
panies.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted, That from and
after the passage of this act. service may
be perfected in any suit at law or proceed
ing in equity upon any express com
pany, whose chief officer does not
reside within the State, by leaving
the hill, subpeetia, writ, attachment,
or other original process necessary to
commence the same, at any of tho offices
of auy Express Company doiug business
iu this State, or by serving the same upon
any agent of said company within this
State, and that judgment or decrees ob
tained in cases so commenced shall bind
the property of said defendant as fully as
though service had been effected on the
President or other chief officer.
Sec. 2. Be it ffurther enacted. That
when the chief officer of any Express
Company shall reside in this State, it
shall be the duty of such Company to post
iu a public and conspicuous place at each
office where it transacts business, the name
of its President or other chief officer on
whom service can be perfected in this
} State,'otherwise service made as provided
j for in the 1st Section of this act shall be
deemed sufficient and proper service.
Sec. 3. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved 23d February, 1866.
An Act to legalize the acts of John C. Wells, and
ail other parsons in this Stats acting as Ordina
ries UDder commission from His Excellency
James Johnson, Provisional Governor.
Sec. 1, Be it enacted by the Senate and
House off Representatives off the State off
Georgia and it is hereby enacted by authori
ty off the same, That the official acts of
John C. Wells, and all other persons in
this State acting as Ordinaries under com
mission from His Excellency, James John
son, Provisional Governor of Georgia, be
and the same are hereby made as valid and
binding on parties as though tho said Or
dinaries had been duly elected aud quali
fied in accordance with the laws of this
State.
Approved 16th February, 1S66.
, t Emniihar*
) °
APRIL.
1st Monday, Carroll
Dooly
Einanne 1
Early
F ul-ton
Gordon
Pike
Taylor
Warren
Wilkinson
Banks
2d Monday, Hancock
F rankl in
Richmond
Harris
Laureus
Miller
Sumter
Tursdayafler .Mclntos li
3d Mot;Jay . Glynn
Habersham
Haraleon
Henry
J ones
Liberty
Murray
Oglethorpe
Pulaski
Stewart
Worth
Ith Monday,Wayne
Bryan
Rabun
Decatr.r
DeKalb
J asper
Lincoln
Schley
Whitfield
Wilcox
Friday after,Telfair
Camden
”nor»l»y after.Irwin
Monday “ Berrien
“ White
“ Charlton
MAY.
Monday .Clayton
Randolph
Scriveu
. Upson
-a Monday. Catoosa
Chatham
Giiiner
Jefferson
Mitchell
Muscogee.
Tln’dy after Fannin
*d Mondav,Baker
‘ Bil.h
Burke
Quiiman
Snalding
Troup
Union
Thursday aft.^owns
Mh Monday, Dade
. Terrell
Monday,Colquitt
JUNE.
•t Monday, Dougherty
. , Lowndes
Mouday. Brooks
,. 4 Clay
*<* Monday, Thomas
ay, *
Echol a
Milton last Monday, Walker
Putnam Monday a I
Twiggs the 4th
Wilkes Monday
OCTOBER.
1 s t Monday, Carroll
Dooly
Early
Emanuel
Fnlton
Gordon
Taylor
Warren
Wilkinson
Pike
Banks
2d Monday, Gilmer
Franklin
Hancock
Harris
Laurens
Miller
Richmond
Sumter
Ths’Jy after Fannin
3d Monday, Glynn
Habersham
Haralaon
Henry
J ones
Murray
Oglethorpe
P u la ski
Stewart
Union
Worth
Thnriday ? Montgomery
after )
Towns
4 tli Mondv.Decatu r
DeKalb
Jasper
Lincoln
Rabun
Schley
Tattnall
W avne
Whitfield
Wilcox
Friday after Telfair
Bulloch,
Camden
Thursday a Tier,Irwin
Mondayafrer, Berrien
Monday “ Charlton
“ White
NOVEMBER.
1st Monday,Clayton
2d Monday j
after 4tb" / EflingliatnJ
Mond. Oct. J
Randolph
Scriven
Up»on
2d Monday, Catoosa
Jefferson
Mitchell
Mnscogee
3d Monday.Baker
Bibb
Burke
Quinnan
Spalding
Troup
4tii Monday Dade
Terrell
Thursday aft.McIntosh
Monday after Colquitt
do Ho Liberty
MouJav aft. Liberiy,3rynh
DECEMBER.
1st Monday, Dougherty
Lowndes
2d Monday, Brooks
Clay
3d Monday. Thumts
An Act to exempt Professors of Colleges and
Teachers of Public or Comity Schools from road
and Jury duty.
Sec. 1. The General Assembly off the
State off Georgia do enact, That .ill Profes
sors of any College, or, Teacher of any
County or Public School, in this State, are
hereby exempted fiom all road aud Jury
duty, so long as they are engaged in teach
ing. r
Sec. 2. Be it ffurther enacted, Th.it this
act shall take oflect from aud immediately
after its passage.
Sec. 3. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved 23d February, 1S66.
An Act to repeal an act entitled an act to increase
the per diem pay of Teachers entitled to the
benefit of the Poor School fund of this State, as
sented to, 3d March 1855, and for other pur
poses.
Sec. 1. The General . Assembly off the
State off Georgia,<do enact, That from and
immediately after the passage of this act,
that the above recited act be, and the
same is hereby repealed.
Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved, 21st February, 1866.
Not*—The Act of 3d March 1865, authorized
Educational Beards of the several counties in this
State, to allow the Teachers of children entitled to
the benefits of the poor school fund, the same per
diem pay for teaching said children, as is charged
by them for teaching other children, pursuing sim
ilar branches of study; Provided, said charge shall
not exceed seventy-live cents per day.
The Ant of December 14th, 1863, is in almost
the same words, but with the proviso, that said
charge shall not exceed sixteen cents per day.
An Act relative to Bonds of Trustees.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the General As
scmbly off the State of Georgia, That all
bonds given by Trustees shall be made
payable to the Ordinary of the County,
where the Judge requiring said boud shall
determine, aud that such Ordinary shall
act iu relation to taking such bond aud
receiving security, as said Judge may di
rect.
Approved 24tb February, 1866.
An Act allowing the redemption of lands forfeited
or sold tor Taxes due the State or any County or
City thereof, by paying the Taxes of each, aud
the legal rate ot interest per ananm thereon, to
gether with costs which may have accrued.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and
House off Representatives off the State of
Georgia in General Assembly convened That
all persons owning lands in this State,
who are in arrears for taxes thereon, for
the last six years, shall be allowed to re
deem the same by paying the taxes there*
on assessed for State, County and City
purposes, for each year, and the legal in
terest thereon, from the time when payable
to the date of payment, together with all
costs which may have accrued. The tax
for eaeb year shall bo estimated at the
same rate as was imposed ou the same
lands in the year 1S60,
Sec. 2. The provisions of this act shall
apply to all cases of taxes io arrear whetli-
er the lands have been forfeited or have
been sold and purchased by the State, ami
hare not passed into the hands of third
partiei, but shall not apply to taxes that
may hereafter become doe. And all pro-*
visions of any act err law contravening the
provisions of this act, are hereby suspend
ed for the period of eighteen' months, and
no longer, after which period, all acts and
laws suspended by this act shall he re
vived.
Sec. 3. This act shall take effect from
and after if 4 passage i and itis hereby made
the duty’oFthe Secretary of State to send a
printed" copy of this act to the Governors
of the several States of the Union.
Approved 24tb February, 1SGG.
An Act to authorize the appointment of Vendue
Masters in the several incorporated Towns and
Cities of tliis State.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted, That from and af
ter the passage of this act, any citizeu of
Georgia shall have tho right to ex
ercise all the privileges, powers and
functions of a Vendue Master or Auc
tioneer iu any city or town in this State,
by paying such license and giving such
bond as may be demanded or required by
the by-laws, mles or ordinances of the
town or city in which said person may
wish to exercise the calling of a Vondue
Master or Auctioneer, any usage or custom
to the contrary notwithstanding.
Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved 21st February, 1866.
An Act to extend the time in relation to issuing
grants on Head Rights so as to extend the time
for granting the same until the 25tli day of De
cember, 1868, and to authorize the Secretary of
State to issue grants to all Surveys now in
office.
Sec 1. Be it enarAed by the Senate and
House off' Representatives of (he S'ate off
Georgia in General Assembly n\tt, and it is
hereby enacted by the author ity off the same,
That the time for granting lauds surveyed
ou Head Rights, be extended to the 25th
day of December, 1868.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by theQH;.
thority aforesaid, That the Secretary of
State be authorized to issue grants to all
Surveys now in office that have not keen
granted.
Sec. 3. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved 21st February, 1866.
An Act to declare valid ail official acts of the civil
officers, (both principals and deputies,j of .this
Slate, whether said officers have been pardoned
by the President of the United States or not.
Sec • 1. The General Afscyibly off the
State of Georgia do enact, That all official
acts heretofore done and performed, or
which hereafter may be done aud perform
ed by any qivri officer of this Stale, .-either
principal or deputy, shall not be declared,
invalid on.accouut- ofanid officers upt hav
ing received a pardon from the. President
of the United States, but said . act* are
hereby , declared to be Jugal to all, intents 1
and purposes.
Sue. 2. Repeals conflicting laws.
Approved 21st February, .\866..
From the Metropolitan Record.
Cation Colinre in fbe South.
It* Past History and Future Prospects—
Statistics off Past and Estimates of Fu
ture Crops—Protection to New England
Manufacturers—Fearful Mortality among
the Emancipated Negroes— While Labor
in the Cultivation of Cotton.
To the Editor of the Metropolitan Record :
Dear Sir : The value of Cotton pro*,
dneed in the United States previous to
the war and the Influence it exerted over
the industrial pursuits of alhcivilized ua
tions; the vast fleets employed in its
transportation both in the law and manu
factured forms, aud the multitude of arti
sans required for their construction aud
outfit, reuder the continuance of the sup
ply a matter of the first importance to this
nation and the world.
It may not be uninteresting briefly to
review the history of the growth of the in
terests connected with the progress of cot
ton culture in the United States.
The great and rapid increase of com
merce since the seventeenth century has
usually beeu ascribed to the discovery of
America. This undoubtedly was the re.-
mote canse, but we must look to a subse
quent event for the mainspring of the as
tonishing increase of commercial activity,
which characterises the nineteenth contu-
ry. h rom the time of the discovery of
America till after the peace of 1783, the
increase of commerce was slow, although
intercourse with the teeming millions of
Asia bad been opened to Europe by the
discovery of the Cape of Goad Hope. She
produced but little to exchange for the
luxuries of the East; settlements in this
country were almost entirely confined to
the vicinity of the coast aud the large riv
ers. From 1790 to 1800 the people of the
Southern States were seriously discussing
the abolition of slavery on account of the
unprofitableness of that description of la
bor ; the. foreign commerce was insignia- i
cant, being most confined to the exchange j
of live stock with the West Indies, and'
there were no manufactures; the United
States was essentially agricultural from
Vermont to Georgia,
The whole commercial marine of Europe
engaged iu foreign trade was not equal in
tonnage to that of the vessels to be seen
in the harbor of New York in a single day.
Liverpool was but a fishing hamlet. Aus
tria and Prussia had no port. Spain had
no trade except a few galleons to and from
her American colonies once a year—
France hardly as much. A cotton patch
of five acres was almost a prodigy in South
Carolina and Georgia.
Whitney inveuted the cotton gin (the
only great invention that was ever per
fected by the inventor,) slowly but sure
ly it grew into favor, and rendered the
extensive culture of cotton profitable. Af
rican slaves were unfit by uature and ca
pacity for commercial and manufacturing
pursuits, but the possession of the gin made
it profitable to employ them iu the cotton
fields. .
Slave owners began to leave the worn
k out lands of the sea board and seek the fer
tile uplandsand valleys of the interior; for
ests disappeared and in their stead white
robed fields were to be seen on every
hand ; in fifty years the production of cot
ton increased from one to two hundred
bales to millions. In the meantime the
sterility of the soil, severity of climate,
and the rapid increase of population, com
pelled the people of the Eastern States to
eke out the scanty supplies to bo drawn
from the earth by the exchange of their
live stock aod lumber for West India pro
ductions and the fisheries. At this point
commenced that diversity of sectional pur
suits and interests, which finally culminat
ed in the late war.
The rapid increase in the production of
the raw material consequent to the gener
al use of Whitney’s gin caused a corres
ponding increase of English manufacto
ries and chipping, as well as all the me
chanical arts employed in hnilding and
fitting machinery and vessels; thns sprang
up modern commerce. Then came the
war of J812, and found the United States
destitute of manufactures of arms, muni
tions of . war and clothing. The difficulty
in obtaining these essential requisits for
maintaining armies in the field caused
great embarrassment to military opera
tions and often produced serious disasters.
After the close of the war, while the
evils of a dependence upon foreign natious
for articles of prime necessity were fresh
in the minds of all, Congress placed a ta
riff upon imports to protect and encour
age home manfactQres, as a measure of
defeuae, aud the people of New England,
unable to subsist upon the products of the
soil, turned their -attention to manufac
tares. The gallantry of our little navy
hid secured for it the favor of the people;
t M A liaMMMAa It A J Iiiamayt/l a, mm I. M i • a
There is no greater obstacle in>the. watv
of success in life than trusting for aome-
tkiug to turn' up. instead ot going to work,
and iuraiug up something.
There is at present living ia Sweden a
young man aged nineteeu,. who is nine
feet five inches in height. At eight years
of age, he was five feet four inches.
the fisheries had furnised onr best sea
men, and it was deemed important in
a national point of view to encourage
this schoolfor seamen; accordingly laws
were 'enacted to pay bounties to fisher
men and to grant a drawback of the
duties paid on the salt used in cur
ing the fish. Navigation laws were pass
ed to encourage ship building.
The most important, if not all these
measures, were proposed by Southern men,
and earned by Southern votes, with the
lull knowledge that the taxes laid must be
paid out of the products of the soil, and
consequently by the agricultural section,
and that aII the direct benefits
reaped by the North ; thus New England
by the operation of these enactments be
came *■ manufacturing and commeieial
! people.* -•
1 The immense demand for-iron created
by the invention and introduction of rail
ways caused the Middle States to strike
hands with the Eastern to procure a pro
tective tariff /or the products of their
mines,- aud thelino of separation between
the North and South was distinctly drawn,
gud the -diversity of interests .became
greater and greater uutil tbe two sections
were placed in absolute antagonism.
Southern statesmen (agriculturalists)
cheerfully taxed tbe agricultural interests
to build up manufactures and foster com
merce in order to render the country in
dependent of foreign natious for the most
necessary articles of consumption in the
event of war, they never anticipated
that the measure of protection adequate
to establish new industrial pursuits in suc
cessful rivalry of the same interests al
ready established and prosecuted by pow
erful and wealthy nations for a long series
of years, would not suffice for their com
tiuued prosperous existence : they did uot
imagine that Yankee greed, like the horse
leech, would be forever crying, “give,
give.”
In consequence of the mighty impulse
which tbe passage of these laws gave to
manufactures and commerce, a fresh im
pulse was given to the’culture of cotton,
fresher and more fertile lauds were .sought
aud brought into cultivation, and the pro
duct increased from 250.000 bales io 1S15
to 4.400,000 bales in 1S59, and io value
from $20,000,000 to $247,400,000 ; the cot
ton planter producing but a small portion
of his supplies at home, consumed the pro
ducts of the teeming West and caused its
rapid settlement.
At length, convinced that the high ta-
riffites of the North would never he sat
isfied till they had reduced the Southern
States to the condition of tributary prov
inces, paying into their coffers the whole
profits of their labor, they seceded, a war
ensued, which has ended iu their conquest
And tbe abolition of slavery.
Now the question recurs—can cotton
be produced by freedmen’s labor to a great
extent ?
'That it cannot the present year will be
ovideut from considering a few facts.
Since 1861 three huudred thousand hands
have perished of destitution and disease,
nearly two hundred thousaud have beeu
forced into the army ; thus a half niilliou
have been taken permanently from cotton
culture, representing a production of 2,000,-
000 bales ; their places cauuet be supplied
in many years. One-half the best cotton
lands of Georgia and South Caroliua have
been utterly desolated, and if the menus
were at baud could not now bo put in or
der in time to plant a crop this year.—
The Mississippi and Yazoo Valleys are
utter wastes and will produce a trifle in
comparison with the 1,000,000 bales oiico
gathered from them. I will give what I
look upon as a largo estimate for the com
ing crop. Texas 300,000 bale's; the conu
try whose outlet is New Orleans, 150,000
bales; Mobile, 150,000 bales; Gergia Flor
ida and South Carolina, 200,000 hales,
making an aggregate of 800,000 bales bare
y sufficient to supply tbe mills of the U.
S. Nor would it surprise me to see
cotton among tbe list of our imports, as
we already see rice and sugar.
That j'our readers may be able to ap
preciate the difficulties attending the cul
ture of cotton by means of hired labor of
any description, 1 will present some of
tbe conditions requisit toils profitable pro
duction. The first condition is au adequate
and certain supply of labor for thirteen
months at least; tbe preparation of the
ground for the reception of the seed must
commence with the first of the year. This
is au operation of no little labor, especial
ly on the bottom lands, which have here
tofore produced tbe greater portion of the
crop. All the old stalks must be pulled
up by the roots aud burned. This can
be done only by the stoutest hands, by the
aid of lovers, the stalks being ten to fifteen
feet high aud three inches in diameter.—
After the cotton comes up, tbe soil re
quires almost constant stirriug to pre
vent the growth of grass and weeds; it
must be kept as clean as & garder, or a
sickly growth and greatly diminished
yield is the iuevitable consequence. No
one can imagine the rapidity and luxuri
ance of the growth of crop, or crab grass,
on all the cultivated lands of the South,
who has not seen it; consequently a total
cessation of labor for a single week, during
the mouth of June and July, would cause
tbe loss of the entire profit of the crop at
least. The planter must then have tbe
certainty of controlling a sufficient amout
of labor at this season to secure auy re
muneration for bis own outlay and time.
ment and long continued experience to
determine what implements to use at dif
erent stages of growth and uuder different
conditions of the soil aud weather—a mode
of culture that would, uuder certain con
ditions, promote the health and vigor of
tbe plant, wonld at another, cause it to be
come sickly and the forms (*. e. buds) to
fall off.
The picking season commences about
the middle of August aud ends at Christ
mas. Then tbe ginning and hauling to
market will require from oue to two mouths
more, making at least thirteen months from
the beginning to the end of the crop year.
To secure the crop the constant labor of
the whole available force of the planta- j
tion is needed. On the good cottou lands
mure is always produced than the force
which cultivated it .can gather. Cotton
must be gathered as soon after opeuing
as possible or it will fall out, or be beaten
oat by rains and wind, aud he entirely lost
A cessation of picking for a single week
duriug the height ot the season, when the
best cottou is to be gathered, wonld entail
the loss of the years profits at the least.
After a killing frost, (say from the middle
of November till Christmas, (uegroes would
pick but little unless compelled. The pods
toci-mi become bard, presenting curved spines at
ouTd be 1 open eud, which scratch the hands';
besides it is cold work in the early morn'*
iug, and negroes dread cold. Thus the
top crop, which in some seasons aod cer
tain localities is tbe major part, would be
partially lost.
Can the laborer of the freedmen be secu
red thus continuously and certainly, as the
as the conduct of a cotton plantation prof
itably absolutely requires; Every uian
who undersUncia uegrn character, especial
ly every practical planter, will unLeeita-
tiugiy answer no. Until some method can
be devisod to compel freedmen to enter into
eonfracts to labor for terms of years, and to
fulfil their contracts faithfully, till they
become iu some form or other fixtures to
the soil, raoie or less permanent, their prof
itable employment ou cotton plantations
is impossible. Many planters tempted by
the present high price of cotton, having
the land, stock and farming implements,
are about to make the experiment, of
planting with freedmen’s labor; but
they regard it as an experiment, and one
of very doubtful success at that. They
say they have no idea of making more
than a half crop at best; indeed the absurd
conditions imposed by *be freedmen’s Un
read render it impossible. Still they say
a half crop at present prices will pay.
YY ill the freedmen cultivate cotton to
any extent, if plantations are divided and
as much land assigned to each person or
family as he or they ought to cultivate ?
Negroes never have in any land, nor un
der any circumstances, voluntarily engag
ed in pereisteut, continuous agricultural
pursuits, as either lessee or owner of the
soil; nor is it to be expected those of the
South will prove an exception. They have
not sufficient judgment or intelligence to
cultivate cotton Successfully, without con
tinual supervision ; the cultivation of one
or two acres in corn aud sweet potatoes
will be all they will attempt. Their nat
ural traits of character, their indolence
and total want of forethought forbid any
thing more. A case which was lately told
ine will serve as an illustration of these
traits aud a proof of my position. A plan
ter last spring made a contract with
eleven negroes—good hands to labor
the balance of the year for a share of the
crop, who eventually agrei d to take cotton
as their share. Each of these hands could
pick from 200 to 300 pounds of cotton per
day- They commenced gathering their
crop, and in one week they picked 290
pounds (equal to about 80 pouods gin
ned cotton) and quit work.
Some of tho profound reasoners on sub
jects of which they know nothing, whose
premises are founded upon what they im
agine ought to be, aud those eloquent de-
claimers upon the rights of man,” without
auy reasoning maintain that slavery has
debased the negro and entailed these traits
off character upon him. They in tbeir blind
ignorance or designing rascality, have put.
the effectfor the cause. Negroes were slaves
in consequence off' their degradation, not de
graded by being slaves; oil the contrary,
they have been uuiformly elevated in the
scale of humanity by being enslaved bv
either of the other race6 ; and when freed
from slavery they always rapidly relapsed
into their original savage state. These
facts are matters of history, and we see the
same process of degradation going on all
around U6 among those freed so latelv as
May 1st. The doom of the race in the
United States is written—speedy extinc
tion.
The last question to be determined 16—
YVill cotton ever be produced by white
labor to an extent to louder the United
States the great source from which the
supply of the world shall herealter be de
rived 1
The mere cultivation of the plant re
quires no greater skill than may be easily -
acquired t uuderproper instruction; but pick
ing requires educated labor as much as
spinning and weaving the fabric, and the
training must commence in childhood. So
well established was this fact, that a South
Carolina or Georgia negro would always
command a higher price than one from
Tennessee. The fact that on the better
class of cotton lauds more could al
ways be grown than could be gath
ered, Tendered it all important to have
fast pickers. The best hand could pick
from 300 to 400 pounds per day, while
those put to this labor after being grown,
or brought from the poorer lands could
never be made pick more than from 100
to 200 pounds, making an immense differ
ence in a season of four and a half month’s
duration. So.it is evident, that the negro
laborers could at once be replaced by
whites on the plantations in the same order
they were iu 1861, their utmost exertions
could not produce more than from one third
to one half a crop during the present gen
eration.
But {an insurmountable obstacle to tbe
employment of white labor on the best cot-
As successful culture requires great judg- Mn lands from which the millions of bales
were drawn, exists in the nature of the cli
mate and the hygienic conditions of the
atmosphere. Throughout these fertile val-
lej-s the malaria is so dead that no man
can live their constantly. Some of the
largest cotton ^producing counties in Missis
sippi poll from 14 to 90 votes only, no one
except overseers living in them, and often
from three to five different overseers were
employed ou the same plantation in a sin
gle year, (three or four having died,) and
this two when they perform no labor and
aroid exposure to morning dews and the
heat of the noon-tide son, while the negroes
enjoy good health. The same is the
ease in tbe swamps of Louisiana.
It requires tbe constant labor of all the
hands from daylight till dark,when picking
season commences to secure the crop. In
a half hour after the Lands enter the field
they are as thoroughly wet from head
to foot by the dew as if they had been
plunged iu a river. In two or three hours
the scorching rays of an August sun are
poured upon their bent backs with an in
tensity of heat of which no Northerner has
any conception yet the vast field are white
white before them and they must toil on
if they would secure the fruits of their pre
vious labors. Tbe malarions exhala
tions of the early mcruing, the saturation
ot tbe clothes with dew, and tfie subse
quent exposure to the direct rayB of the
uoon tide sun would postratc any white
man on a bed of sickness, of serious, prob
ably fatal sickness in a week. A planter
only, caii realize the loss a month’s sick
ness at this season entails.
Cotton will be raised upon the poorer
uplands by white labor, as it always lias
been ; but even here they avoided expo
sure to . the morning dews aud mid-day
heats; consequently they could never pro
duce as much even on thepe lands as a ne
gro could. Many, stimulated by the pres
ent high prices, will plant cottou, who nev
er raised a bale before, and many will on-1
derlake the cultivation of the bottom lauds;
Fj