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The Athenian
it abovri the surface
made,; and that in thik inMapce the operator
had struck an extreme branch of % terrene
artery, whore the pulsation had not yet be
come imperceptible.
If ('apt. Symmess, or nnv amateur of his.
cow, ever obtain an internal survey o! osir
globe, 1 am of opinion he will tied indicu-
FOH THE ATHENIAN.
TIDES AND FOUNTAINS.
Having noticed in the papers a piece
f.om the ‘ Nat ; onal Gazette.’ prefaced with theory, ever obtain an internal survey o! our
t ie words, “ A Nut for, the Philosophers.” j globe, I am of opinion be will find indica-
relative to a peculiarity, observed at New lions of the correctness ol my suggestions.
B miswick, N. *T. in an irisUiheq where the Should they, however, be fallacious, then
- •• ' the position of Capt. Symmes himself, will
afford a much more plausible explanation
of the origin of fountains, &c. than the one
recently discovered method of obtaining a
spontaneous flow ofv-vatpHo the surface by
boring to a depth sufficient to elicit 1he phe-
n unenon had been adopted, in which a va-'
nation in the quantity ejected, correspond
ing with the altitude of the tide in the vici
nity, has been observed, 1 deem it a suita
ble opportunity to propose an idea I have
long entertained.—That l am about to
crack the offered nut, I will not pretend to
say; but I will attempt a blow in bops of
aiding in the enterprise; and having no
where before met with it, believe I now first
offer it to the consideration of the scientific.
I was educated to attribute the cause of
to the moon, and that fountains or
js must necessarily have their source
»)!j stftnc more elevated body of water ; but
Several years since, some actual obsprva-
uded upon mo reflections about
this doctrine, which brought
nclusion that there was room
correcthpsMVj* It is true the
o<wt4*pond * n dis-
yeSjja]fafly||o half the
tirfl&’of "theWpojfV v^yUriX'Ti^i
but
depressions in that
j ho '
have unpf^topd, the I Jack- and
rar.ean seas,) should not bomefed <fi by
its : effect; whether t»Y'ai
J p_. ip ifcast Trifl
as the
nor why,
tion or *
ately abou
tides ar^ftfiMM^iA Hscur^akier or tea times as
high in tb^^xii'cmer tioVfhern latitudes, and
1 beliewW^f southern also, ns they do
within tfafi. tropics.—-Experiment demon-
etiAtes tfar&i undhlation is greatest im-
mediatelyrirqjtmd the’force producing it, and
the fartli&'jF retires thence, the more in
considerable {it .^b^»comes ; of course this
would arfSie^h^aintd the tides being produ
ced by a pitT^r. exerted in the neighbour
hood of thef equinoctial line : and if, on the
contrary, bTev should he supposed to arise
from dfi' a^tractiort-or pther influence exerted
at to^ifiles, untees the nioon practise a let-
gQrOjM-ba ul 'fcyste m, it is wholly unaceount-
abl^wliy-tho power should not preserve in*
bl0 t ”torcc, as the poles would be equal-"
fexpPsed at all times to its action.
W Relative to fountains, I have seen them
the summits of mountains whose heigh;
and the ascertained rotundity of the earth,
precluded the ideq of any more elevated
origin; while the quantity flowing, showed
the impossibility of any little contiguous
knolls affording or manufacturing a supply.
In the course of these reflections the
thought occurred, “ Whv may not the varth
be a body so organized as to require and
possess a circulation of fluids, impelled by
internal pulsation, in the same way as is
observed in animal bodies ?” This seemed
at onco to account for both tides and natu
ral fountains; and being unable to form any
more probable conjecture, I rested there,
and must confess 1 have not yet learned
any thins to destroy the plausibility of this
theory, but perhaps, on the contrary, pro
gressive discoveries tend to establish it.—
The larger the body in which the phenome
non of pulsation is observed, the greater the
interval between each: thus an elephant
ha> but few in a minute compared with a
man, and as great a proportional disparity is
found between man mid lesser animals.
H«-w naturally, therefore, might we suppose
those of so vast a body as the earth to oc
cur at intervals of more than twelve hours.
In the animal body the arteries succes
sively separate into branches, less and less,
until they arc finally lost, discharging the
blood into the fibres of the muscles, bones,
g mds, &c. which, issuing thence, seeks
commonly received : and notwithstanding
the ridicule and jesting he has been subjec
ted to, l cannot but feel a great respect for
him, for his enterprise in daring to assault
the prejudices and possibly overturn some
of the errors with which the learning of the
schools most likely abounds. He, I be
lieve. ims stated, that he Was led to form his
idea of hollow spheres from a consideration
of the necessary tendency a body with a ro
tary motion has to deposit the particles of
* which it is composed, at the extremity of its
confining limits, or surface of attraction, by
means of the centrifugal force accompany
ing that kind of motion ; and therefore that
the earth must be very porous, or entirely
hollow about the centre. On this principle
we can easily conceive how water, by what
ever means absorbed beneath the outer
crust, would mechanically seek its greatest
distance from the centre of motion, and of
course pursue such openings as it might
find, until it reached that extremity: yet it
does not appear why it should have this
effect through the composition of moun
tains, &c. and not under the open atmo
sphere, unless we suppose the gravitating
rincipie to reach onlv.a certain depth,and the
entrifugal force exerted against the openings
Or springs, sufficient to overcome the dis-
:-ftance ; but still the means of supply, as well
as the variations in the quantity flowing
from the aperture at New Brunswick, would
be unaccounted for.
When we see the pictures, and bear sta
ted the prevailing theory of springs and
fountains having their reservoirs in more
elevated positions, we are irresistibly led to
ask, “How does the water 'get into those
reservoirs?” to which we have never heard
that a satisfactory answer has been given
It is like the Indian’s supposition, that the
earth s*ood on the back of a great elephant,
which stood on the hack of a great, tortoise,
and the tortoise stood on—he did not know
what! PULS AT.
P. S. Capt. Parry, it appears, has disco
vered that so great a current sets from the
direction of the north pole, that he could not
navigate against it. Uoes not this, m con
nection with the greater height of the tides
further north, compared with their gen
tle elevation about the tropics, argue that
the force causing the undulation, is more
active at that point than nearer the equinox?
■!! i-i m
ads, or iiv de
hawthorns stir-
knees to the
ornamented with great
numbers of little.(perforated, cylindrical pie
ces ol silver, or brass, that emit a simulta
neous tinkle, as the person walks. If to all
this, he add an American hat, and a soldier’s
coat of blue, faced with red over the custo
mary calico shirt of the gaudiest colors that
can be found, he lifts his feet high, and steps
firmly on the ground, to give his tinklers an
uniform and full sound, and apparently con
siders his person, with as much complacen
cy, as the human bosom can be supposed to
feel. This is a very curtailed view of an
Indian beau. But every reader, competent
to judge, will admit its fidelity, as far as it
goes, to. the description of a young Indian
warrior over the whole Mississippi valley,
when prepared to take part in a public dance.
fVeslcYri, Review.
Dr. Bruner was called in on the third day,
and he blew up powdered Gurn Arabic
through a quill.—The hemorrhage ceased
directly,—Phil. Jour. Pfyys.
A JVew Use far Salt.—The use of salt as
an agricultural agent, for recruiting an ex-
MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS.
The Pawpaw.—This in our view, is the
prince of wild fruit-bearing shrubs. The
leaves are long, of a rich appearance, and
green, considerably resembling the smaller
leaves of tobacco. The stem is straight
white, and of unrivalled .beauty. In fact
we have seen no cultivated shrub, so orna
mental and graceful, as the pawpaw. The
fruit closely resembles a cucumber, having
however, a more smooth and regular ap
pearance. When ripe, it is of a rich yellow
There are generally from two to five in a
cluster. A pawpaw shrub, hanging full of
fruit, of a size and weight so disproportioned
to the stem, and from under long and rich
Making leaves of the same yellow with the
ripened fruit, and of an African luxuriance
of growth, is to us one of the richest spec
tacles, that wo have ever contemplated, in
the array of the woods. The fruit contains
worn i.wo to six seeds, like those of the ta
marind. except that they are double the size.
The pulp of the fruit resembles egg custard,
in consistence and appearance. It has the
same creamy feeling in the mouth, and
w unites the taste of eggs, cream, sugar, and
the imperceptible orifices of the veins, J spice. It is a natural custard,, too luscious
hausted soil is acknowledged ; but it is now
discovered that its efficacy is not less cer
tain in restoring the human hair to those
who either'ftom fever or other causes may
have expenenced its loss. The daily ap
plication of salt' has succeeded in giving
strength and luxuriance to hair, which had
previously so fallen off as to threaten total
baldness. *
Affecting Occm rence.—The following af
fecting account was related to me a few
years since, while travelling in the western
country, oftwo.mdb, who went into the ce
lebrated Mammoth Cave, which is situated
intJreene county Kentucky, and is about
ten miles in length; with the intention of ex
ploring it.
These men, after having provided them
selves with a lantern, food, and refreshments
sufficient for one or two days’ journey, en
tered the cave, and commenced their sub
terranean tour. As they walked on from
one apartment to another, viewing, in aston
ishment, the wonders of this stupendous ca
vern, they often came to large and almost
fathomless pits, which they passed with
much difficulty, by crawling on their hands
and knees. They proceeded in this way,
walking and crawling, for about a day, and,
in the mean time, they had passed a num
ber of these pits.They had just passed one of
them* when, by some fatal accident, their
light was extinguished. One of them, in
the agony of despair, appeared tp lose his
reason—became bewildered—whirled round
exclaiming,;Liord have mercy upon us,'and
fell; and in failin'®, plunged headlong into
the pit they had just-passed. His compa
nion listened, and heard him distinctly strike
on the bottom and groan. He called to him,
but received no' answer—he called again,
but all was silent as the tomb. I thought,
said he, had I fallen with him, it would
have been a happy circumstance, for to at
tempt to find the mouth of the cave, and
pass the many dangerous places they had
with in entering, must, he conceived be
impossible. He thought therefore of dying
only by starvation. He concluded, howev
or, to make at attempt to get out; he could
hut die he thought, by sharing the fate of
his companion, and this would the sooner
put an end to Ins sufferings. He sat out,
crawling on his hands and knees, and pro
ceeded safely in this way for about a day,
when he again yielded to his feelings and
burst into tearsi This alone, he said, re
lieved his agony. He set out again, hut
with little hope of ever arriving at the mouth
of the cave, and continued winding his way
in midnight darkness about a day longer
As they entered the cave they observed that
it branched offin various directions, and he
concluded he had taken a wrong one, and
was as fur, or farther from the entrance than
when he set out. He sat down, he said,
with the determination of waiting patiently
the approach of death. The possibility
again occurred to him of finding the way
out; and once more he summoned his re
maining strength, and commenced groping
his way through'the dreary cavern—and on
the morning of the third day, when nature
was nearly exhausted, and all hope had fled,
lie thought he observed the dawn of light;
and on suddenly turning the corner, the
morningstijr shone full in his face! His
feelings, he said, must he imagined, for they
could not be described,—Zion’s Herald.
Athens, Nov. 23, 1827.
as© the majority to 5000. The following addi-
particulars relative’to the election in other
df that state, wc gather- froth a’Postocrqa in
limond Enquirer of the 13th itist. - j
“ In King’s county the Jackson ticket succeeds bv
a majority of 157; in Queen’s county the Adminis
tration* by about 229: Westchester and Putnam give
small majorities for the administration Senator: in
the city of Hudson the administration ticket carries
by about 2*>0 majority : in Orange 2 Jackson and 2
Aoams men: in Greene, both representaves for
Adams : in Schenectady, the Jackson ticket has pre
vailed.—Troy has given 273 majority, it is reported,
for the Jackson Assembly ticket, and Grcenbush 117 ‘
for the same; and in Albany the average Hcpubl -
can majority was 302.”
LEGISLATURE OF GEORGE 1.
IN SENATE.
Saturday, November 10.
Notices for leave to report hills, viz :
Air. IV ilson—To amend the law respect
ing executors, so far as to compel the same
to give bond and security for the faithful per
formance of their duty.
Mr. Allen—To amend an act to empower
the General Courts of Pleas to grant writs
of partition of lands and tenements held in
copartenaiy, joint tenancy, and tenancy in
common, in this province, and appointing
the method of proceeding therein, passed in
1767.
On motion of Air..Miller—Resolved, that
the committee on Agriculture and InternaV
Improvement he instructed to inquire into
the actings and doings of the commissioners
appointed for opening the Locust Slate
Road, through the counties of Rabun and
Habersham, and the disposition they have
made of the money placed in their hands by
the resolution of the Legislature in Dec.
1825.
Monday, November 12.
On motion of Mr. Clayton, of Clark—•
Resolved, That the committee on the State
of the Republic be instructed to inquire into
the right and propriety of appropriating
money from the public Treasury of the U.
Stales, for the support of the Colonization
Society, and to report to tins Legislature
whatever may be expedient in relation to
said subject.
Air. Davis called up the following resolu
tion, which was read and agreed to :
Resolved, That the Senators and Repre
sentatives of this State in the Congress of
the United States, be requested to use their
exertions to procure the passage of an act of
Congress, providing for copying the docu
ments and papers in the Plantation Office
and other public offices in England, relating
to the early history of Georgia.
Mr. Cojfee laid on the table the following
resolution—Resolved, That a committee on
the part of the Senate he appointed to join
such committee as is already appointed from
the House of Representatives, for the pur
pose of laying out a new county out of the
counties of Gwinnett, Walton, DcKalb, and
Newton.
The following communication was re-
Hon. Wm. H. Crawford, Judge of the. fiujserior *ceiyed from the Governor, by Air. Pierce,
Courts of the Northern Circuit.—And,
George W. Crawford, Esq. Attorney General .
of the Middle circuit. '
On Tuesday the 20th inst. our vicinity was en
tertained with a variation in the weather, more pe
culiar to the higher latitudes, in the shape of a snow
storm, which commenced about noon and continued
till ten o’clock at night, leaving tho ground covered
to the depth of two or three inches.—It has now
nearly disappeared, but left the atmosphere quite
cold; and if the air that passes us reach our friends
of Augusta and Savannah, it will make them think
more of cloaks than fevers.
The legislature, we learn, is proceeding with an
unusual degree of dispatch in the business under its
consideration. Among the propositions of general
interest before the house, is that of the removal of
the Seat of Government from Milledgeville to Macon.
This question has both its advocates and oppose rs;
and its discussion, whenever the Legislature shall be
called to act decisively upon it, cannot fail to enlist
the Wannest energies in favour or against the mea
sure, of those whose interests are to be injured or
promoted by the discussion. The expediency of
such a step, eligibility of situation being equal, Or
nearly so, cannot, we think, be found in the existing
necessity for an enlargement of the present limits of
the Slate House. With a representation, which is
from their present and increasing numbers, already
a burthen to the treasury, we cannot but adopt tho
opinion that the public expenditures might be judi
ciously retrenched by a reduction of the representa
tion, instead of being further burdened by appropri
ations for new accommodations, which would be
consequent on an abandonment of either the pre
sent position or buildings for the purpose.
The following elections, a notice of which was
omitted in our last, were made by the Legislature on
Friday the 9th inst.—
Dr. Thomas Hoxey, of Putnam, Brigadier Gene
ral of the 1st Brigade, 3d Division.
Col. Nicholas Howard, of Greene, Brigadier
General of the 2d Brigade, 3d Division.
The election for State House Officers, which took
place this day week, resulted in the choice of the
following gentlemen:—
Everard Hamilton, Secretary of State.
Hines Holt, Treasurer.
Tiiackara B. Howard, Controller General.
John M’Bride, Surveyor General.
Branched in the same manner as the arte
ries, to he again returned to the mechanical
source of circulation.—Assuming tho atmo*
sphere to hold a relation to the earth simi
lar to what the epidermis, or outer lamina of
the skin, does to the animal body, then si
milar to me appears the issue of water from
4flie surface of the earth, beneath this en
velope, by means of springs, which may re
present the extreme termination of the mi
nutest arterial branches in animals, from
whence it seipks the larger courses to be
Tetumed to the propelling point of circula
tion, while salt water and fresh, admirably
compare with the difference between venous
and arterial blood: though our knowledge
of the animal body is not sufficient to show
tlie analogy complete, in the process of con
version from one to the oilier.
It is computed that nine-tenths of the
mountains of the earth, and probably the
greatest depths of the oceans, 1 bear no
greater proportion to the diameter of the
eart h, thfin does a oair to the body of an or
dinary sized man; we can therefore easily
compare the bodies of Water on its surface,
to the amount of blohd immediately in con
tact with the ski«; and
cst depth that it has been
urseyffie great-,
customary to pe
rn search of Water, will
st puncture
thi
of the skin,
net. Should
founded,' we
phenomenon
that tfce
ecesgarily qp
,.wher*
for the relish of most people. The fruit is
nutriciou9, and a great resource to the sava
ges. So many whimsical and unexpected
tastes are compounded in it, that, it is said,
a person of the most hypochondriac temper
ament, relaxes to a smile/ when he tastes
pawpaw for the first time.—Western Review.
A young Indian warrior is notoriously the
most thorough going beau in the world.
Bond street and Broadway furnish no sub
jects, that will undergo as mu S crimping
and confinement, to appear in full dress.
AVe are confident * that we have observed
such a character constantly occupied with
his paints, and his pocket glass three full
hours, laying on his. colors, and arranging
his tresses, and contemplating, from time to
time, with visible shtisfaction the progress
of his growing attractions. When he hac
finished, the proud triumph of irresistible
charms is in his eye. The chiefs and war
riors, in lull dress, have one, two, or three
broad clasps of silver about their arms,
generally jewels in their ears, arid often in
their noses; end. nothing is more common,
than to see a thin, circular piece of silver,
of the size of a dqjlar, depending from their
«Ose a little h^Amv their upper lip. Nothing
shews trioratifcieariy the influence of fashion.
This ornament, so painfully, inconvenient,
as it evideritly ia to them, and so "
tigly and disfiguring, seems to be the
finish of Indian taste. Painted
qffills ai-e twisted in their hair
mals hang from Jtheir hair be!
the poiA JHiere they wete
to raise haners
r’s or
eagle
interior and
Mental Progression.—In order to calcu
late the progress of intellectual powers
which could not be calculated according to
the ordinary manner, ]ML Dupin has recourse
to the, excellent statistics of the book trade,
which the count Daru has lately published.
According to that, the number of printed
sheets for the book trade, properly so called,
not including the Journals and the other in
ferior works of the press, which have not
the form of a book, would have been :—in
1814, 45.675 931 Viri 1815, 55,549,149;
1816, 66,852,883; in 1819,80,021,302;
in 1825,128,610,483,- 1^26, 144,561,094.
Thus, from 1814 to 1^2l^ih»d what is more
surprising, from 1820 to 1826, the'produc
tions of the press have increased in the pro
portion of about from five to^mne, and are
now triple arid more of what they were
twel ve years since.—London Paper.
A Predicament.—-The French courts ate
about to have a case laid before them which
presents difficulties which it would require
the wisdom of Solomon to decide. The
following are the facts A midwife, her
self with child* while, assisting a woman in
labouiV#as surprised herself with the pangs
of child-birth. The riiaid-servant of the
house, a young woman “ of a certain age,”
was sarittnoned to assist the two suffering
riiothers, and in a few minutes received in
her arms two female infants, which she
Among the resolutions offered in the House of Re
presentatives last week, were some by Mr. Mason,
which were read and ordered to be printed, for loan
ing out to individuals, on interest, under the direc
tion of a Board of Commissioners, the amount of
Darien Bank Bills now in the Treasury.
Governor Clinton.—A meeting of the citizens of
Jefferson county, New York, has been called for the
purpose of nominating Gov. Clinton as a candidate
for the Presidency, recommending, at the same time,
a Convention to assemble cn the 27th inst. for the
purpose of adopting other measures to promote his
election. However much disposed the friends of
Gen. Jackson might be, with a different prospect be
fore them, to lend their aid in support of Gov. Clin
ton against Mr. Adams, under existing circumstan
ces there can be but one general opinion upon this
subject. A higher destiny, we think, yet awaits
Clinton than would follow such an ill-timed opposi
tion to the view’s of the Republican party. He can
not but know it, and act in unison with such an im
pression.—The New York Statesman, heretofore re
gained as the authorised champion of Gov. Clinton,
is by the ensuing disclosure from the N. York Eve
ning Post, left to stand and act upon its own respon
sibility.
“ We have been for some rime in possession of a
paper, of which wc here give a literal copy, but re
tained it till this time, it having been intimated to us
by the fiiend from whose hands we received it, that
delicacy towards the distinguished individual princi
pally concerned would be consulted by waiting until
the recent election was over. We take the first op
portunity to present it to our readers.
“ Dear Sir,—1 lately had a personal conversation
with Gov. Clinton, on the subject we talked of, as to
the late singular course pursued by the Statesman,
which has been generally supposed to possess his
confidence; and it gives me sincere pleasure to in
form you, that with his accustomed frankness he
his Secretary, viz :
-yr: Department, }
Jg27. I
* 6f the 3d afraCle of• the
years alTCt of the Cot
the body of our riiyi.l and cririnuaJ,'
be revised, digested and -arranger*
proper heads, and promulgated in
ner as the Legislature may direct.” To
carry into effect this section of the Constitu
tion, an act was passed by the General As
sembly on the 6th December, 1799. Other
acts having relation to the subject have
been subsequently passed.—One, tho act of
the 12th December, 1809, is of permanent
operation, and requites the compilation and
publication of a Digest of the laws of every
ten years at the successive tcrnnna' ; ons of
that period of time. Different Digests now
in common use throughout (he State have
been compiled and published under authority
of these acts. The terms usediirihrise acts,
placed in a cradle, but without marking the
place of et&ier.' One of the children died
a few minutes after its birth; and now both
mothers claim the lifting one.—F. des Lon.
Mode of
at the nose,
e, bled from
tT
that
ids,
ice to the nap of the neck, &c. were
but without stopping the flow of blood.
and the contents of the several
published, which have been approved, ni« if
properly executed according to the intend
tions of the several Legislatures by whopi'
the acts were passed, demonstrate, that the
part of the Constitution quoted was con
strued to apply to the enactments of the
Provincial Assemblies, and to those of the
General Assembly since the revolution only.
In some of the acts, special provisions ap
pear to have been considered necessary for
the insertion into the Digests of a few im
portant English statutes. The intention of
the frameis of the Constitulipn appears to
the Executive to have been of a higher
character. With perfect respect for those
who have acted on a different opinion, the
authors of the Constitution obviously con
templated the revision, digest and arrange
ment of the written and unwritten law of the
State ; and the publication of the whole in
the most useful form. The terms. the
body of our law, civil and criminal,” arc
general, and comprehend within their scope
the common law eouallv with tlYeP stalutc.
moat explicitly that he had not directly or indirectly
consented, and'would not consent that his name
should be used as a candidate in opposition to that
o( Gen. Jackson. That ! any other course on hi?
part would he contrary to principle, a violation of
honour aud of good faith,’ and finished by declaring
that the nomination of Gen. Jackson met with his
approbation.” "
Jftto York Elections.-
The returns of which are
still incomplete, as far as heard from, give an arie&
peertdiy large majority for dent Jackson.—If the
estimate of Noah, in an article to which we * ifer our
SoVAlIW* readers » should prove correct, then inde^hostile
I Q triumph been glorious. Some allowance, perhaps,
- fe dae#Joi the spirit of exultation which ft broptbes;
and ov1Sangi££gppgfi9b£*^ed upon ~~
result of for the city,^foiling Jad
ding the eleventh ward, which yet
heard from, and which will prc^ublv
of our law, civil and criminal,” must be ta
ken to bo exclusively applicable to tho com
mon law, as the trunk from which the sta
tute law has branched forth. It is not now
possible to fulfil the intentions of the Con
stitution within the time prescribed, hut Hs
obligation upon us is not impaired by the
lapse of time, nor by the errors, the omis->
sions and the inadvertencies of those who
have preceded us. Reflections on the vast
importance of the contemplated work, and
>xte nsive utility, if performed with en
labor, are; deliberately. excljud
intended to inv
4876, uot
r^mainedJi
X
he’ attenti
\e
moil. *j|
(Si;
General Assembly to
constitutional oblige
FORS