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CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT.
SECOND EXPEDITION. —Continued.
The following brie! but significant observa
tions occur on the 13th and I4ih September,
when the expedition was in iatiiude 41 deg. 42
rain, 43 sec., and longitude 112 deg. 05 min.
12 sec,:
“The people to-day were rather low-spirited,
hunger making them very quiet and peaceable;
and there was rarely an oath to be heard in the
camp —not even a solitary enfant dc garce. It
was time for the men with an expected supply
of provisions from Fitzpatrick to he in the
neighborhood : and ihe gun was fired at eve
ning, to give them notice of’ our locality, but
met with no response.
“September 14 —The people this evening
looked so forlorn that I gave them permission to
kill a fat young horse which I had purchased
with goods from the Snake Indians, and they
were very soon restored to gayety and good
humor. Mr. Preuss and myself could not yet
overcome some remains ofcivilized prejudices,
and preferred to starve a little longer; feeling
as much saddened as if a crime had been com
mitted.”
Captain Fremont, when crossing the dividing
ridge which separates the waters of Bear river,
(which flows into the Great Salt Lake,) and
those of the Snake river, or Lewis’s fork of the
Columbia, says:
“The bottom of this river, fßear,) and of
some of the creeks which I saw, form a natural
resting and rectuiting station for travellers,
now, and in all time to come. The bottoms
are extensive; water excellent; timber suffi
cient; the soil good, and well adapted to the
g-ains anil grasses suited to such an elevated
region. A military post and a civilized settle
ment would be of great value here; and cattle
and horses would do well where grass and salt
so much abound. The lake will furnish ex
haustless supplies of salt. All the mountain
sides here are covered with a valuable nutri
tious grass, called bunch grass, from the form
in which it grows, which has a second growth
in the fall. The beasts of the Indians were fat
upon it; our own found it a good subsistence;
and its quantity will sustain any amount ot cat
tle, and make this truly a bucolic region.”
The expedition reached Fort Hall, in lat. 43
deg. 01 min. 30 sec., and long, 112 deg. 29 min.
54 sec. on the 19th September, where they ob
tained a supply of provisions, but experienced
much inconvenience from the frost and snow ol
a very early winter. Respecting the propriety
of establishing a military post in the neighbor
hood of Fort Hall, Capt. Fremont says;
“ Allowing fifty miles for the road from the
Beer springs officer river to Fort Hall, its dis
tance along the travelled road from the town of
Westport, on the frontier of Missouri bv way
of Port Laramie and the great South Pass, is
1,323 miles. this place, on the line of
road along the barren valley of the Upper
Columbia, there does not occur, for a distance
of nearly three hundred miles to the westward
a fertile spot «f ground sufficiently large to pro
duce the necessary quantity of grain, or pastu
rage enough to allow even a temporary repose
to the emigrants. On their recent passage, thev
had been able to obtain, at very high prices, and
in insufficient quantity, only such assistance
as could be afforded by a small and remote
trading post—and that a foreign one—which, in
the supply of its own wants, had necessarily
drawn around it some of the resources ot civile
zation, but which obtained nearly all its sup
pli**s from the distant depot of Vancouver, bv a
difficult water carriage of 250 miles up the
Columbia river, and a land carriage by pack
horses of 600 miles. An American military
post sufficiently strong to give to their road a
perfect security against the Indian tribes, who
are unsettled in locality, and very uncertain in
their disposition, and which, with the necessary
facilities for the repair of their equipage, would
be able to afford them relief in stock and grain
from th** produce of the post, would f e of extra
ordinary value to the emigration. Such a post
(and all oth°rs which may he established on
the line to Oregon) would naturally form the
nucleus of a settlement, at which supplies and
repose would be obtained by the emigrant, or
trading caravans, which may hereafter traverse
these elevated, and, in many places, desolate
and inhospitable regions.”
From Fort Hall the expedition travelled,
principally along the banks of Lewis’s river, a
distance of 612 miles, to “ Fort Sez Perce,” a
trading establishment of the Hudson Bav Com
pany, erected a few hundred yards above the
junction of the Walahwala with the Columbia
river, which they reached on October 25th. On
the 17th of October, when deviating from the
course of the river to avoid a detour to the north,
which it makes at Port Boise, the travellers
-reached the valley of the Grand Rond—
“One of the few places,” says Capt. Fre
mont, “we have seen in our journey so far,
where a fanner would delight to establish him
self, if he were content to live in the seclusion
which it imposes. It is about 20 miles in
diameter, and may in lime form a superb coun
ty.” In this neighborhood the trees grow to an
immense size; the party met “with pines ap
parently 200 feet high, and 3 to 7 feet in diame
ter.” “Some white spruce were 12 feet in cir
cumference, and one ot the larches ten; eight
feet being the average of those measured along
Their height appeared to be from
100 to 180, or perhaps 200 feet, and the trunks
of the larches were sometimes 100 feel without
A limb, but the white spruces were generally
covered with branches, nearly to the root. All
these trees have their branches, particularly the
lower ones, declining.”
About nine miles above the Nez Perce fort
is the junction of the two great forks of the
Columbia; the expedition did not go up lo the
junction, being pressed for time.
“ From the South Pass lo this place is about
1,000 miles; and as it is about the same dis
tance from that pass to the Missouri river at
the mouth of the Kansas, it rnav be assumed
that 2,000 miles is the necessary land travel in
crossing from the United States to the Pacific
Ocean on this line.
Captain Fremont proceeded by the river in a
arge canoe, from the Methodist Missionary
•siablisbment below the falls of the Columbia,
te Fori Vatuumvtr, which he reached about
midnight on the 6>h of November. This was
the furthest westward point of Ihe outward
bound journey, being, by the route of the expe
dition, 2,766 miles from Kansas, on the western
frontier of the State of Missouri.
“In the morning, (says Capt. F.) the first ob
ject that attracted my attention was the barque
1 Columbia lying at anchor neat the landing.—
She was about to start on her voyage lo Eng
land, and was now ready lor sea, being detain
ed only in waiting the arrival of the express
battcaus, which descend the Columbia and its
north tork with the overland mail from Canada
and Hudson’s Bay, which had been delayed be
yond their usual lime. 1 immediately waited
upon Dr. McLaughlin, the executive officer of
the Hudson Bay Company in the territory west
i of the Rock Mountains, who received me with
i the courtesy and hospitality for which he has
been eminently distinguished, and which makes
! a forcible and delightful impression on a travel
i ler from the long wilderness from which we had
| issued. 1 was immediately supplied by him
I with the necessary stores and provisions to refit
| and support my party in our contemplated w n
i ler journey to the States; and also with a Macki
j naw boat and canoes, manned with Canadian
and Iroquois voyageurs and Indians, for their
transportatii n to the Dalles of the Colum
bia. In addition to this efficient kindness in
furnishing me with the necessary supplies, I
received from him a warm and gratifying sym
pathy in the suffering which hisgreatexperience
led him to anticipate for us in our homeward
journey, and a letter of recommendation and
credit for any officers of the Hudson Bay Com
pany into whose posts we might be driven by
unexpected misfortune.
“Ol course the future supplies for my party
were paii lor, bills on the Government of "he
United States being readily taken; but everv
hospitable attention was extended to me, and 1
accepted an invitation to take a room in the
fort, ‘ and to make myself at home while I staid?
I found many American emigrants at the
fort; others had already crossed the river into
their land ol premise—the Walahmdte valley.
Others were daily arriving, and all of them had
been furnished with shelter, so far as it could
he afforded by the buildings connected with ihe
establishment. Necessary clothing and provi
sions (the latter to be afterwards returned in
k ; nd from the produce of their labor) were also
furnished. This friendly assistance was of
very great value to the emigrants, whose fami
lies were otherwise exposed to much suffering
In the winter rains, which had now commenced,
at the sa‘i e time that they were in want of all
the common necessaries of life. Tho«e who
had taken a water conveyance at the Nez Perce
fort continued to arrive safely, with no other ac
cident than has been already mentioned. The
party which had passed over the Cascade moun
tains were reported to have lost a number of
iheir animals, and those who had driven their
stock down the Columbia had brought them
safely in, and found for theta a ready and very
profitable market, and vwre already proposing
to return to the States in the spring for another
supply.
“In the space of two days our preparations
had been completed, and we were ready to set
out on our return. It would have been very
gratifying to have gone down to the Pacific,
and, solely in the interest and in the love of
geography, to have »f-en the ocean on the wes
tern as well as on the eastern side of the conti
nent, so as to give a satislactory completeness
to the geographical picture which had been
formed in our minds; but the rainy season had
now regularly set in, and the air was filled with
fogs and rain, which left no beauty in any scene
ry, and obstructed observations. The object of
my instruct! ns had heenentirely fulfilled in hav
ing connected our reennnoissanre with the sur
veysofCapt. Wilkes; and, although it would
have been agreeable and satislactory to term mate
here also our ruder astronomical ohservations,
I was not, for such a reason, jus'ified to make
a delay in waiting for favorable weather.”
Capt. F left Fort Vancouver, on his home
ward journey, on the 10th of November, and
arrived at the Dalles of the Columbia, a dis
tance of ninety miles, on the 18th.
“The camp was now occupied (continue
the narrative) in making the necessary prepa
ratior s for our homeward journey, which,
though homeward contemplated a new route,
and a great circuit to the south and southeast
and the exploration of the Go-a> Basin between
he Rockv Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.
Three principal objects were indicated, by re
port or bv maps, as being on this route; the
character or existence of which I assumed as
landmarks, or leading points, on the projected
line of return. The first of these lines was the
T/amath lake, on the table land between the
head of Fall river, which comes to the Colum
bia, and the S icramento, w Inch goes to the bay
of San Francisco; and from which lake a river
of the same name makes its way westwardly
direct to the ocean. This lake and river are
often called Klomet, but I have chosen to write
its name according to the Indian pronunciation.
“ The position of this lake, on the line of in
land communication between Oregon and Cali
fornia ; its proximity to the demarcation bound
ary ot latitude 42° ; its imputed double charac
'er of lake or meadow, according to the season
of the year; and the hostile and warlike cha
raeier attributed to the Indians about it—all
made it a desirable object to visit and examine.
Prom this lake our course was intended to be
about southeast, toa reported lake called Mary’«
at some days journey in the Great Ba«in; and
thence, still on southeast, to the reouted Buena
ventura river, which has had a place in so
many maps, and countenanced the belief of the
existence of a great river flowing from the
Rockv Mountains to the bav of San Francisco.
From the Buenaventura the next point was in
tended to be in that section of the Rockv Moun
tains which includes the heads of Arkansas
river, and of the opposite waters of the Califor
nian Gulf; and thence down the Arkansas to
Bent’s Fort, and home.
“This was our projected line of return—a
great part of it absolutely new to geographical
botanical, and geological science— and the sub
ject of reports in relation to lakes, rivers, deserts
and savages hardly above the condition of mere
wild animals, which inflamed desire to know
wffiat this terra, incognita really contained. It
was a serious enterprise at the commencement
of winter, lo undertake the traverse of such a
region, and with a party consisting only of
twenty five persons, and they of many nations
American, French, German, Canadian, In
dian, and colored—and most of them young,
severs! being under twenty one years of age!
All knew that a strange country was to be ex
plored, and dangers and hardships to be encoun
tered; but no one blenched at the prospect. On
the contrary, courage and confidence animated
the whole party. Cheerfulness, readiness, su
bordination, prompt obedience, charac'erized
all; nor did any extremity of peril ami privation
to which we were afterwards exposed ever belie,
or derogate from, the fine spirit of this brave and
generous commencement.”
With this high, and, from the result, most
truly deserved compliment to the character of
the brave men who formed the body of the expe
dition, and this development of the objects con
templated by their commander on their return
journey, we must close litis present article—re
serving the striking incidents of that homeward
'mt devious route, and some general comments
’non the entire expedition and its results, for a
future day.
Alabama Crop.—The Mobile Register of
the 6th inst. says: The accounts received in
■he city respecting the crop are this week gene
rally of the same tenor as previous advices
We have seen several letters from the eastern
counties and along the Alabama river, in winch
there is a large deficiency on last year amicipa
led. From the Bigbee region the prospect is
leos gloom}'. In the neighborhood of Colum
'ons. Miss., they had fine rains week belbre last.
mijrouidc anh Sentinel.
AUGUST tro t.
THURSDAY MORNING. SEPT 11.
FOil GOVERNOR;
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD.
Whig Nominations for the Senate-
Bryan and Liberty counties-Charlton Hines.
Mclntosh and Glynn H. Giqnilliatt.
Camden and Wayne Joseph Hull, Sen.
Ware and Lowndes Levi J. Knight.
Montgomery and Appling-- Jacob Moody.
Bulloch and Tatnall Benja’n Brewton.
Scriven and Effingham W. McGahagan.
Burke and Emanuel Jas. M. Reynolds.
Wilkinson and Laurens Wesley King.
Thomas and Decatur R. Mitchill.
Rand >lph and Stewart W r . Boynton.
Lee and Sumter Wm. H. Crawford.
Muscogee and Harris J. S. Calhoun.
Houston and Macon John Bryan.
Talbot and Marion Dr. H. P. Smead.
Washington and Jefferson•• David Curry.
Richmond and Columbia-- Andrew J. Miller.
Taliaferro and Warren John H rris.
Baldwin and Hancock A. H. Kenan
Jones and Putnam R. V. Hardeman.
Monroe and Pike C. McDowell.
Crawford and Upson William Vl. Brown.
Coweta and Meriwe'her-• •• J. E. Robinson.
Troup and Heard Dr. R. A T Ridley,
Henry and Fayette W t m. Moseley.
Newton and Walton P. G. Morrow.
Morgan and Greene Thomas Stocks,
Li coin and Wiikes Dr.W.Q, 'nderson.
Egbert and Franklin S. W. Allen.
Oglethorpe and Madison- • ■ - James Long.
Clarke and Jackson Middleton Witt.
DeKalb and Gwinnett William Nesbit.
Cass and Pau'ding John J. Word.
Cobb and Cherokee James Branon.
Floyd and Chattooga William Smith.
Our Mammoth Weekly.
Incur weekly paper of this morning will be
found a continuation, embracing nine or ten
columns, of the synopsis of Captain Fremont’s
able, instructive and deeply interesting report
ot his expeditions to the Rocky Mountains and
the Far West—the foreign news per the Gale
donia, together with the political and general
news ol the week, and a variety of miscellany,
&c. Single copies lor sale at the office.
Completion of the Georgia Rail Road.
It is a source ofunfeigned pleasure to us to
announce that a train of passenger cars departs
this morning lor Atlanta, the terminus of the
Georgia Railroad. We congratulate the stock
holders, and all parties interested, upon this
important result, achieved through numerous
dfficnlties and under circumstances, at times,
during its progress, peculiarly trying. But
they have triumphed over every obstacle,
and now we trust will begin to reap the
reward of their labors, and their capital,
which has been so liberally and freely expended.
Where all have manifested so much ener
gy and indomitable perseverance in the attain
ment of a great work, it might be invidious to
distinguish, yet we cannot omit the opportunity
to do simple and even handed just ice to the Pre
sident, John P. King, and the able and efficient
corps of Engineer’s, whose energies have known
no flagging during the progress of the work.
We have now a Railroad, not inferior to
any in the Southern States, exrending 172
miles into the interior of the State, which
will in a few months be extended eighty miles
farther to the Oostenaula river, making an en
tire line of two hundred and fifty-two miles of
'he great line of Railroad which is designed
to connect the Atlantic coast with the lertile val
ley ol the Mississippi.
As tve have much more to say in reference to
the extension of this g'and work, we defer tor
the present any farther remarks.
Mr. McAllister in the Up-country.—
But a year ago the democracy were quile shock
ed that Mr Clay, then not a candidate, in pass
ing from one section of the Union to another,
should stop in the principal cities to receive the
cordial greetings of theircitizens. How changed
that tone now! Not a word escapes their lips
about an “ itinerant candidate /” Mr. Clay
did not go from village to village, hunting oui
and seeking for public gatherings! visiting low
grogshops!! treating and calling on those
around HIM to drink !!! Yet he was traduced
by the democracy, and the vials of the wrath
of their organs emptied on his devoted head, for
even venturing to stop anywhere on his route
to receive the greeting of a friend and acquain
tance. Where now sleeps so quietly this high'
ly wrought indignation of a people who mourn
ed so lugubriously over the political morals of
the age? Have they no mutterings to send
forth against their candidate for Governor,
whose movements are thus chronicled in the
last Rome “Journal
“Mathew H. McAllister, Esq., arrived
in this place, in company with Mr. Bullock, on
the evening of the s'h, and left next morning’ for
Hardin’s Mills, there being at that place re
gimental muster, and a large number of the
citizens of the county will be gathered together.
Mr. McAllister’s appearance indicates a state
of excellent health, and we are glad to perceive
that travel and good water, have operated so
beneficially unon him. We hope he runs no
risk at Hardin’s Mills. Mr. Bullock, however,
(the same we believe who was so indignant at
Mr. Clay’s visit to Georgia, just prior to the
Presidential election) is his adviser, and will
doubtless be prudent with him. We under
stand that he has lost his taste for good liquors,
and can go the whiskey, corn, shucks and all’
which is very fortunate, considering the neigh
borhood to which he has gone.”
People of Georgia, yon who desire to see
those who aspire to the most elevated posi
tions within your gift, demeaning themselves
with a dignity and self respect befitting theirsta
lions, look upon this picture. We address all
classes and parties, and we invite your consi
deration ol it, however revolting the subject U
•very right-minded, patriotic voter among you.
Comment would indeed be superfluous upon
'he conduct of one, who thus seeks to obtain
'he first office in the State; for if your own self
respect does not suggest the proper course for
you to pursue, no arguments or reasonings of
ours could influence you to occupy that elevated
position which your duty as freemen requires
at your hands. No man can degrade yon, un
less you are the willing instrument ol his dema
gngueisrn; in that event, it is but a step from the
pan to the sewer, and it is your duty, as you
would preserve your own self-respect, and com
mand the admiration ol the world, to spurn him
who thus seeks to cover you with indignity.
What are the Issues?—Who spent the i
Money?
Perhaps there is nothing which tells more |
strongly against our political opponents, than |
their urgency to draw off the mind of the people ;
from attention to their own home and Stale at- j
! fairs, and to engross it with Federal party poli- j
tics. It is not simply (says the Southern Re
corder} that they seem to fear a close and strict
scrutiny of the affairs of onr own State, but the
press of our opponents would almost impress
one, by its violence against those who will not
follow it in : o the field of Federal party politics, I
with the belief that it was unbecoming and un- |
patriotic—nav, almost criminal, for the people, :
in a, State election, to turn aside, for the moment, j
from general politics to the con-{deration of:
their more immediate home concerns and inter- j
ests.
Without now particularly assigning the rea- |
sons for this great anxiety of the opposition |
press to draw off the public mind from that j
which so seriously concerns it, (as we believe j
this has already been done sufficiently well) we
would appeal, once for all, to our fellow-citizens
of Georgia, and respectfully and earnestly' in
quire of them, whether they do not think they
have long enough neglected their own interests,
the well being of their own Slate, and the wel
fare of themselves, their children, and their
children’s children, in wasting their energies
upon federal party politics, and upon questions 1
most generally got up, not k o much for the sup
posed welfare of the country as for the promo
tion and political aggrandizement of individuals.
Had the attention and interest of our people
been heretofore concentrated on the welfare ot
our own State, what a country' might she not
have been now! Opulent, beymnd any of her
sisters, in lands and other wealth, with a mos 1
genial climate, a lertile soil, and with a popula
tion abounding in all the qualities necessary for
greatness —energy, intelligence, and a love of
order, what might we not have been as a people,
if instead of the waste of the public energies on
the political hobbies of the hour, the offspring
fur the most part ot mere selfish aspirations for
office and preferment on the part of demagogues,
the people had bent their powers and concentra
ted them on their own home affairs, the special
interests of their own State, the country with
whose dust is mingled the dust of their fathers,
and in whose bosom they hope themselves at
last to repose!
Where now is all our w'ealth ? What remains
to Georgia of her magnificent public domain?
What of all her treasure? Has she retained
enough to free our people from taxation?
Enough to make our market roads and rivers
convenient to the people? Enough to educate
every son and daughter of the republic, and to
destroy by this means, essentially and forever, all
invidious and aristocratic distinctions among
ourpeople? Has she retained enough, as she
might easily have done, to place her people even
beyond the reach of misfortune, and to give as
surance to the stricken children of undeserved
poverty, to the forlorn ones of orphanage, that
their own Georgia would be to them instead of
father and mother, and from her ample stores,
supply their wants, and rear them up (or her de
fence and glory, and for their own well being?
All this, ay, and far beyond all this, might she
have done; for her revolutionary patrimony was
ample for this, and far more than this. But has
she d -ne it? Who hut must feel his cheeks to
tingle as lie answers the question ? And what
is the answer? What of all the ample resour
ces of Georgia remains ? A debt of nearly two
millions of dollars, the interest to be paid by
taxes now, and the principal in a few years to
be paid by taxes on ourselves and on our child
ren !! Tell it not in Gath ! publish it not in the
streets ol Askelon !
At the door of demagogue politicians, do we
chiefly lay the odium of all this havoc of the in
terests of our State and people- this Vanda! de
struction of the sources of what might have been
our own prosperity and greatness. The effort to
turn the attention of our people to these inter
ests, their own and their children’s welfare, and
to rescue the public energies from the grasp of
political aspirants, who have used them, hereto
lore, and desire still only to use them, for their
• wn selfish aggrandizement, receives but scanty
courtesy at the hands of some portion at least of
the press opposed to us. Our efforts in this be- <
halt have been as vinegar, in the months of at ■
least some ol our opponents; and they have
made wry fices and spit accordingly. We trust ,
they will have good reason for yet sourer faces,
by witnessing the utter rout of humbnggery in ,
Georgia, from this time forth and forever. The (
people have suffered already enough, in all con- ,
science, in all that concerns their social pros- ,
perity and happiness, hv the prevalence ot hum- |
bug politics. They have been faithfully and .
truthfully informed of the condition to which
themselves and their State has been brought bv .
j
such false and ruinous devices, and wc believe (
that they will sternly and significantly rebuke
the past, which has so grievously injured 'heir f
prospects and their hopes, hv adopting the line
of conduct so essential for their future hopes—
that of chieflv attending to their own home gov
ernment, although so virulently assailed by the
old and selfish humbug dealers. ~
~ d
What amount has the Democratic party spent p
of the people’s money since they have had the l
control of the State government? Answer, 11
Capital of Central Rank $4 991,708 93
S'atedebt,rep. Finance Committee.l,(s33,2lo 73 (
Deficit nfCentral Bank, accord-) a
ing to late examination. \ 350 000 00 }
$6 274 919 06 f ‘
Grand total ol the people’s money spent by the j
Democratic party, when in power, (except one y
year,) about six millions of dollars!!
u
Summary of the “ F'iscaW //” of the Democratic
party for the time they emit rolled the affairs of the
State.— Spent all they had, besides leaving one (•
hundred and twenty thousand dollars a year as n
taxes to be paid, simply tor the interest of the
debt they leave on the State ; and which debt has !
ultimately to bo paid in lull by the taxes ol the
people, amounting to a little under two millions •
of dollars!
What signifies a State debt ol two millions,
and yearly taxes to pay its interest of one hun
dred and twenty thousand dollars?—whalsigni
j lies all this to the people of Georgia, provided
j they will only listen to the democracy twattle i
about the miseries of a tariff, which, with a ma- !
joritv of sixty members, they will not repeal nor !
! modify, in their own } fouseof Representatives!! j
- ‘ !
The Difference between Democratic and ;
Whig Expenditures.
Penitentiary.
Spent annually by the Democrats. .$lB G 25 00
Saved annually bv Gov. Crawford.. 25,365 52
Prin'ing Fund.
Spent annually by the Democrats... 17 215 90
do do by Gov. Crawford... 9.25 G 57
Contingent Fund.
| Spent annually by the Democrats. .$25 638 |
do do by Gov. Crawford... 9,180 |
Military Fund.
; Spent annually by the Democrats.. .$2,682 58
do do by Gov. Crawlord... 1,980 54
Legislature.
| Spent annually by the Democrats. .$93 347 97
do do by the Whigs 76 978 8G
j Showing a saving to the State, in one year, of
| the sum of sixty-six thousand eight hundred, and
forty-eight dollars and seventeen cents!!
Crops tn Southwestern Georgia. —From
this, decidedly the most productive cotton-grow
ing section ot the State, says the Southern Re
corder of the 9th inst., we have renewed account
of the most discouraging kind, relative to the
effect of the drought upon the growing crop of
i cotton—of all other crops best calculated to
withstand it. A friend from Baker, whose
judgment we consider altogether reliable, in
forms ns that the crop cannot, under the best
stale of weather vet to occur, exceed one-half a
full crop—that fields who e first picking last
year amounted to 200 and 250 lbs. per acre, do
not now', at the first picking, yield over 100 lbs.
This he thinks the general falling off through
the whole of that productive region.
Land Granting.—The Geoigia Journal of
the 9th inst. says:—The last week at the Capi
tol has been one of great excitement. To the
astonishment ot our citizens at least four orfiv
hundred persons, from everv section ot the State,
on Tuesday last, presented themselves to apply
for reverted lands. About four thousand appli
cations were made, and it took the Treasurer,
with the assistance of four clerks, near two
days to receive the money and the applications
When this was over, the lists lor the drawing
had to he made, and upon them ten clerks im
mediately went to work, and by working nigh
and day finished them, so that the Lottery com
menced on Friday afternoon, wasconfinued tin
til near midnight on Saturday night; and u
closed on yesterday about 12 o’clock, M. Ne
ver before, in the same length ot time, wa
!her° so large an amount of business disposed
of in the State House. The grants are now
passing with great rapidity, and will all, in ten
or twelve days, he recorded and ready tor de
livery to the fortunate drawers or their agents.
Highly Important Disc -very.—The Cin
cinnatti Commercial says:—A discovery of
vast importance has been made by a mechanic
in this city—it is a new kind ot cannon ball, the
destructiveness of which cannot be questioned
W hen it was shown to the Commandant at New
port Barracks, that gentleman immediately ad
vised the in venter to lav his invention -which
has cost him five years labour, before the Presi
dent of the United States and the Cabinet, and
before any stir was made, proceed to Europe
and secure the patent there. The inventor, we
are told, sailed in the las* steamer. We have ,
the full particulars of this discovery and do as
sert with perfect confidence that one war vessel ■
loaded with these balls, and two or three cannon
to fire them, could sink a British fleet often sail
in as many minutes! It is terrific to think ol 1
The Paixhan guns are nothing by the sideof
this invention.
(
’ ,
Harvard College.—The recent commence- i
ment Exercises at this venerable institution’ '
says the N. Y. Express, “were of a peculiarly ,
pleasant character. The Phi Beta Kappa Alpha f
had a merry dinner, over which Judge Warren, '
of Boston, presided. John duincy Adams was ''
present, and it was the sixtieth anniversary v
since he joined the societv. Near him was W. r
I
C Rives, of Virginia. The Regent of the
University of Virginia, the President ot the c
College of South Carolina, and distinguished t
gentlemen from North Carolina, Georgia, and
Ohio were present, who. with their States, were (-
duly honored, and who replied in the most ad- l
mirable manner. Mr. Gales, the senior edi or
a
of the Intelligencer, was also present, and re
ceived the well deserved compliments of the as- §
semblage, through the Hon. Robert C. Win- n
throp, of Boston. The oration was delivered a '
by Rev, Andrew Peabody, a Unitarian, of
Portsmouth, New Hampshire. His aim, in 'I
the oration, was to prove that a spiritual mind
is necessary to discovery in science. Rev.
Charles T. Brooks, ot Newport, delivered a dt
graceful poem. te
A correspondent of the New York Coramer- V
cial gives the following interesting facts con- i(
nected with the graduates at Harvard:
N
“ The first class was graduated in 1642, two
hundred and three years ago. The whole
number of graduates is five thousand nine hun
dred and forty-two, of whom three thousand f T
eight hundred and ninety-seven are dead, an i M
two thousand and forty-five are living. The n1
number who have died since the last triennial
catalogue is one hundred and thirty. The jh
oiliest graduate is Dr. Ezra Green, of Dover, r,
(N. LI.) of the class of 1705, a soldier ol the j\
armvofthe Revolution, a surgeon on board the st
Ranger of IS guns, common cd by John Pan! w
T mi’s. 1 retain a vivid recollection of his tall, |j
erect, military form, as he was, a few years j n
since, dressed in the costume of times gone by. ;11
In a few months he will attain his hundreth , TI
year. Ci
“ In 1783 Hon Harrison Grey Otis was grad
uated, and was a classmate of Hon. Ambrose 'hi
Spencer. Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State of New York. In 1787. four years af'er,
Hon. John duincy Adams, with whom Judge
CJrane, of Washington, was a classmate. The an
lext year we meet the name of the venerable m .
Benjamin Abbott, L.L. D., who
fifty years over the Phillips Academy ai Ex'* ‘
New Hampshire, and had the unexampled •
memorable felicity of beholding at on e ‘ an ,. a P l1
same time one of the boys whom he had tr n ,
in their youth Secretary of State of the
Slates, one Minister to England, and one
ter to France; and to feel, as ail men 7eh "h’’’
we never hadatonce in those high placesolh ' ' at
three men more worthy thar Daniel Wel°* lor
Edward Everett, and Lewis Cass. j n i~Z
Hon Sam uel Crafts, Governor and" Senator
Verm-mt, was graduated; and the same ■■ 01
! Hon. Josiah duincy, who, on this commem^*
: ment-dav, lays aside with honor his pre-i,
I robes. With him 1 close thi< list of " Ual
j file yet living objects of the University.” ‘
From the N. O Picayune , 4 >h my
Later from Texas*
; The steamer Creole arrived at Mobile n
morning of the 3d inst from Aransa* Pai \v
received by her our own c< rresp,indent m
Corpus Christi, and are indebted to some in"
tlemen who came passengers unon h™ / "
verbal items of information. l ' p0 “ hrr lor
The dales f rom Corpus Christi are , .
i evening of the 3M 01.., and Uou aZS
| fTvi' Mle I ° , G Win -| (la . y ’ When !he Creole left
Ju, Mohtle. G-n laylor still remained in S
camp, awaiting funner developetnenis 0 ,h
I designs of the Mexicans, and orders from
i own Government. The 2d Regiment m n«
goon-, under Col. Twiggs, arrived at r„7
Cbri«l.«,b.S6.h .1,. • Ail
and spirits. Every thing about the camp wa
perfectly quiet. " vvas
At about the same time as the Dragoons
three compan.es of Mexican traders arrSi
Gen. lavlni scamp with a goodly number of
X? te n ,h wMch ' ittJe re,Kince 2
ptaced. One of these reports was that a regi
m-n L of Mexican troops, about 700 strung £r t
Tampico six weeks previous tor Matau.oro*
but their numbers had been reduced to 300 bv
sickness and desertion m the march, induced
by toe want of food and water. At almost ever!
military post in the Northeastern part ol Mexi
co desertions were extretneiv frequent Arista
'■ad been seriously ill at Matamorm, but had
so far recovered as to resume the duties of his
command. Gen. Paredes was reported to be
still at Monterey, bm with less than 1500 troop,
who were continually deserting. The reader
must receive these reports strictly as reports-
Mexican news, received through Mexican tra
ders, is proverbially uncertain.
The Creole left, outside the bar at Aransas
the U. S. brig Lawrence ;—all well on board
She also left, at anchor inside the bar, the schi o
ners Mary Wilkes, Enterprise, and E L. Lain
tin. On'the 2d inst., at 3 o’clock, P. M., site
met the steam propeller Augusta bound,as was
supposed, for Aransas, loaded with horses,
The Creole made the passage from Aransas
Bay to the S. W. Pass in 47 hours.
We add a letter from a triend at Corpus
Christi, which will give our readers a pretty
distinct idea of Gen, Taylor's camp, the occu
nation of the troops, and the character and dis
position of the officers under his command.
Corpus Christi, August 30,1845,
The position taken by Gen. Taylor is one of
extreme beauty; and when the eye first rests
upon his Camp, clustered with a thousaud
spotless white tents, alang the shelly margin of
’he shore of Corpus Christi Bay, irresistible
burls of admiration follow! It is a position of
security as well as beauty.
His tents are pitched on a piece of table land
that reaches about a quarter of a mile to a range
of hills; at a distance of hall a mile from the
crest ot these, he has stationed, as an out-guard,
a force of one hundred and twemy hardy and
well tried Texans, to whose fidelity is intrusted
• his otherwise assailable point. Maj. Gaily,
commanding the volunteers from New Orleans,
is entrusted with guarding the extreme iett,
whilst ll e extreme right is safelv guarded by
Colonel Twiggs, commanding the2<l Dragoons.
The centre is composed of the 3d, 4th and 7ih
Regiments of Infantry.
The Commanding General has thrown up
a field work, a wall of shells and sand, six feet
hick and three hundred yards in length on his
r ight. In case of an overpowering attack from
this quarter, the troops stationed outside of this
wall are to retreat behind it. The whole length
f the line along the shore occupied, appears to
he about one mite and a bait'-
ll is probably one of the healthiest and plea
santest snots in the world. From the earliest
lawn refreshing breez s invigorate the body,
tissipate the intensity nt the heat, and nerve the
-vstem to a healthful action. The cool nights
Ttvites wearness to repose, disturbed neither
• v the promenading flea, nor the buzzing mus
quito.
The only drawback to continuing this en
■ampraent is the scarcity of wood and water—
'he former, the troops haul about three miles,
he latter is quite brackish —though I believe
here is one or two small wells in camp which
supply a very fair beverage.
The officers appeartn enjoy themselves ama
zingly—considering they were supposed to be
all cut up! They purchase Mexican ponies at
■mm $lO to S3O, and excellent nags they are to
ride, too. The wafers abound with fi-h and
oysters, both of a superior kind, and the prairies
adjacent with rich flavored vension. Large
and fat beeves are slaughtered daily tor the use
of the troops, all of which, with the liberal sup
plies of Uncle Sam, these occupiers of an inde
pendent nation’s soil can get along mighty welt
with.
There is a rumor in camp, to which the ut
most credit is given, that fifteen hundred Mexi
cans have recently marched to Matamoros lor
its additional sec urity. This is all ihe news
about the movements of the enemy known here.
It is supposed Gen. Taylor will act in this
way. viz: Wait for two months in his present
position, to know what the Mexicans will do.
If they do nothing, our government will send a
Commissioner to Mexico to laydown the boun
dary of the two com tries. If Mexico refuses
to receive the Commissioner, and blindly turns
away from a peaceable settlement, then our
forces will immediately occupy the mouth and
borders ofthe Rio Grand, and establish that as
the boundary, whether or no.
The army is now ready for action. It is well
appointed in every respect—l9oo strong—every
man n’ ' fr > do duty, and every heart a tower o.
strength ! Under the broad folds of the Stats
and Strips, that loveliest of flags, this little army
will become Hotspurs all. They are prepared
and eager for the fray.
I send you this by the Creole. Light blow
he winds, smooth be the seas, on her home
ward track. Adieu.
The following, which we find in the Alexan
dria Gazette, is thought, says the National In
elligencer, to be the best joke of the season
We hope that its wit will excuse the irre'. e
ence of copying if:
The newspapers will have their jokes, rite
V Y Commercial says that “ Oen. Gaines is
egarded in a military point of view much as
Mr. Ritchie is in an editorial. I hey are I
■nergetic voun fellows of seventy, with nmr
.ravmv than discretion, more zeal than juag
nent!”
Fracas in Court.—A fracas took place m
he Circuit Court room, at Hudson between ■
■ Jordan, and John Van Bnren, Esqs., &
\ttorney, while conducting a cause. ’-J
trong language ensued between fbe p r ’
rhen Mr'Jordan called Mr. Van Boren J
iar,” upon which the latter struck the torn
a the face Three or four rounds occur ,
nd the affair was put an end to bv • ,Ullpe f o{
Kinds committing both parties for contemp
hum. for twenty-four hours. The_p« r ‘j
fished to be released on payment of a ;
ie Court refused the application. — N. Y
rj* Joseph S. n inter & Co.’s
nd Collection Office, Montgomery, AD
ia mh!3 lyw