Newspaper Page Text
U which Tftraaee is They u<iU Be
ij V thri~ vfctuity to ttanld \, *t*J by 1
jealoitrtes of t<- di, cindered by Eagiaau
a* he* eternal rivals .
“ Oar inter;si is then to pursue the tame
measures and noaduftskiek Amer
v*.j"4 may do, and to draw closer and doner
the tr s nffriendship ami commerc which
w > formed at the instant of their
fceea.”
DISCOURAGING WARS !
A soeiety has been est thlished in M’issa
£*-• sH'.'fre, by soma Chriitiar, philauthro
pisM, ?o discourage war. Whatever ©pin
ton my be entertained of the utility of ibis
I.vitution, no doubt can exist about the
purify at*the motive* of the respectable in
dividuals who compose it. One of the
t congest arguments for svai in Europe: a
crowded population, canno’ be found in this i
eeautry for a loug period of time. The
fall awing letters*’fc , ere received by lhe foun
der of this society, in auswer to ton appli
e ti ’ to the writers for their support of
t-s views. Any letters • nraing from so eh t
e viaMitin m as Mr. Adams and Mr. Jef*|
? EB.sr>y, must be interesting ; but these arej
highly characteristic. We copy them from j
:he 4‘ h number of “ the Friend to Peiee,’*
a rfc published under the auspices-of this
iijvi ‘ty. — JK'urtk Jiines lean Review.
MR. JEf FERSON’S ANR WFR.
Montic-’Uo, Jon 20, 18 to.
Rxr—-Yo'sr left eg* bearing date October
£s, 1815, came orTy to haiird the day be- J
f e yesterday, which is mentioned to ex j
pl.t in tbo date cf mine, i have to thairk f
*ou for the p ‘mpblfug accompanying i
to wit the Solemn Review, the Friend of
Yen-:** or Special Interview, and the Friend
of Peace,No. 2 The first of these l had
i eived through another channel -some
months ago. I have, notread the two last
ei-Miiily because where one as
S‘- ‘,N to proposition as soca eg announced, it
!:-* of time to read the arguments in sup
port of them. These numbers discuss the
first branch of the causes of wer, that is to
gar. wars undertaken for the point of honor.
t; hich yon aptly analogize with the act of
between individuals, and reason
vi b justice from t : e one to the other.-
Undoubtedly this class of wars, ; H *<j ti e
general what you state them In be, ‘‘need
loss, unjust and inhuman, as well as auti- :
Christian.”
The second branch of this‘subject, to wit,
wars u ldert-xken on i.c**onot of wrong done,
and which may be likened to the act. of
robbery in private life. I press-nap will be
treated of in your f?*;re numb ws. I ob
serve this class mentioned in tit? Solemn
Review, p. 10, and the question asked, “fs
it common fur a nation to obtain a redress
s#f wrong.* by war?” ‘Hieanswer to this
gpKstion you will of course draw from his
tory ; iu the mean time, reason will answer
it on sronnds of probability, that where the
verorg ha* been done by a weaker nation,
the stronger one has generally >. on able to
enforce redress, but whore by a st ranger na
tion, redress by war Isas been neither obtain
ed r*or exp cored by chi weaker; on {he con
trary, th ( ’ loss has beea increased by the
expense of the war, in blood and treasure;
■wct.it may have obtained another object, e
qually securing itselffrom future wrong.—
It mu; have retaliat'd on the aggressor,
losses of b’oud and treasure, far beyond the
<r lucre him, of the wrong he had commit
ted. and thus have nude the advantage of
ihi i too dear a purchase to leave him in a
deposition to renew the wrong in future; in
th's way, the loss by the war may have
secured tue w her t a ion from loss by fu
ture wrong The ease you stat of two
Lexers, both of whom fret a “ terrible hrois
o■.j* opposite to this s he, of the two
•who committed the aggression on the uflv
or, although victor in the, su.fiK yet prob
ably finds bis aggression not worth the brui
sing it has “ost him. In explain lids by
cumbers, it is alkf. ru, hat Great-Britam
v ink from as, irffae the late war, near
1000 vessels, and that during the war, we
took from her 4 400 ; that before the war,
nhr seized, and in de slaves ot 6000 of oar
citizens, ntid that lathe war we kiiled more
than 6000 of her subjects, and caused her
re expend such a s>m .! amounted to 4 or
5000 guineas a head for every slave at e
in .<!. She might have, purchased the ves
r, I* she took, for less than the value of
those she lost, ur.d 3 are used the f*o<)o of
!nr man kill and. for the purposes to which
c applied o.tiluive raved the 4 or 5000
guineas ahead, and obtained a eharaiter
of justice, w'ih is as valuable to a nation
es i-a on individual, these cousideratiocs
then fore, leave ber without iiuinceincnt so
plunder i*r f perty and t ike men in inline on
t :ch dear terms. A m i her afiirm nnr de>
the truth of these ailegarit??*!', nor is their
truth mat-iisl to the question; they are
y o*sible, and tiiereforr piesent a case whir!
v i flaici your consideration, in a dsscus
nioo of the g.moral quest>nn ; whethe r anj
*t. t'ce oi injury rail render a recourse to
-war expedient less do I propose j
to draw to myself any part in this discus
fj.in. Ago end its elfeets both on body and
■autvi, has weaned mv att-miou from pub
lie auojccU, acd left me to the la
bors of correspondeuee, bayoud the limits of
my personal concerns. “I rest ire, therefai*
Tom the question, w ith sincere wish th
your writings may have effect in lessening
this greatest of bumau evils, and that you
may retain life and health, to enjoy the con
templation of this happy spectacle ; and
pray,you to be assured of my great re
spect. Thomas 3EFi?ERSOif.
MR. ARAMS’ ANSWER.
( luincey , February 6,18 1 6.
Rear Sm-1 have received your kind
letter of the 23 1 rif January, and 1 thauk
vou for the pamphlets enclosed with it.^
It is very true, as ny excellent-friend,!
Mr. Norton, hes informed you, that! have,
read many of your publications with piea-|
sure. ’• . ;
I have also “read, almost &1 the days of
my life, the solemn reasonings and pathetic
idecl Riations of Erasmus, of Feueion, ot
St. Pierre, and many others against war, &
in favor of peace. My understanding and
my heart, accorded with-them, at first blush.
But alas ! fi longer and more extensive ex
perience has convinced me, that wars are
fas necessary and as inevitable, in oursyg-:
| tern, as hurricanes, earthquakes and voica-
I ®oes, . . ,-A
liur beloved country, sir, is surrounded
by enemies, of the most dangerous, because j
the most powerful und the moat unprinci-.
pi‘d character. Collisions of national in
terest, of commercial mkl manufttciuringri- 1
valries, are multiplying around os. in
stead of diifour&ging a anariial spirit., iu
Imy opinion it ought to be excited. ‘Ye
| have not enough of it to defend k by sea or
1 J .lid.
Universal aad perpetual peace, appears
f > me no mot o cor less than everlasting pas
dv"obedience, and non-reel ,taoce. Ihe
human lie’ k would sooo be ■fi'eoced be nutth*
“red by one or a few.
I cannot therefore, sir, be-a s'ibscriber or
a member ( f yur sooiety.
I do, si s *, most humbly suplicate the theo
lonian*, the philosophers, ari politicians,
to let me die in peace. I seek * <} repose.
Wit*’ ti e most cordial esteem, however,
i am, sir, your friend and servant,
John Adams.
*?> <&> ■*•
DULL lIMES IN CANADA. j
Quebec, June 0. J
Sixty—seven vessels from sea, have s.r
rived at t- i < port since the opening of fhi ;
navigation. Os these the greatest number;
are from threat Britnto and Irclritid, and.
many of them have brought valuable car-j
crocs. Flie experience of aTew weeks, has j
i:Hed the minds o* uiost mercantile men]
with unfavorable forebodings 5 and i lthoU
when the seed time, which has been sitcom-!
moidy late, will be fa rely ever, and the
farmer and country traders will Live time.
to attend the market, and m ke their pur j
rhas**s, the prospect may brighten up a lit-,
tie. yet vye tear these forebodings ore but ,
too well founded. Commerce is an exchange
of commodities, and it is but too tiue that;
we have hardly any commodities to ex-j
change for the superabundaoce of goods
which have arrived, and njj*y still be ex-!
pected. Provisions which were one of the:
staples of this eonntry, have actually been
sent cut to us from Great Britain, and are
perhaps the only articles which have been
sold at a profit 1 Manufuctures we have
none, but those that are imported. Lum
ber. w hile the price of provisions tmd labor
remains high, cab hardly be afforded at a
prie to admit of a profit in England. .
It cannot, under such circumstances, •
stand a competition with lumber from the
Baltic. There remains then only the Furs
collected from the Indian countries, of
wbhh the amount, comparatively to onr
importation, is trilling. Cash would cover
all balances; but it hath “made itself
wings the Goverurneut paper having
been called in, the circulating medium docs
not, perhaps at pre-ent, exceed the amount
necessary for internal nse. The diminution
of (be Military Expenditure, the Supplies
which the Military Government wili receive
from Great Britain, leave littU hope from
that quarter From whence then are 10
come'the returns e> The deficiency is al
ready felt in the unprecedented fall in
price of almost every article of imported
inf’dmndize. The importer must either
cell at a loss, or keep his goods till the
quantity on hand is more on level with
the means of the country ; which, we are
sorry to say, likely *o be a long “bile.
From the Richmond Compiler , July 6.
NEW EXPEDITION.
Amidst the rumors of plots, aid the po-
Utji rtl changes which reach tid from the
Old World, it is pleasing to eateh ik‘Binall
still voice,’of science. ;
The Expedition to Jlfrlcu, seems to he
i*G with a prudeuca, whi.b promises
success.
Who has forgotten the enterprise and fate
,f ?—Maj >r Peel die is about treading
;;i his steps—hi* end the same, but the sm
---.,a and the menus, are essentially different.
Every thing is shunned, which was sup
mos >d to have defeated the expedition of
I Park.
I in 1801, Mungo Park was visited, by th<
j Secretary ofbtate for IhoColcuiaJl Govern
ment, to undertake an expedition into the
interior of Africa. great object in
view, was, to trace the river Ntger, woose
outlets had never been explored by the Eu
ropeans. Many conjectures hid been en
tertained. The opinion of the ancients was,
that it had not connection with the ocean,
but spread itself into a considerable lake,
‘-like the Caspian Sea— Msi. Rc-unell, tae
celebrated geographer of the prefect age,
has adopted this opinion.—Another suppo
sition was that it falls into the Nile, con
stituting the Western or Wfeith branch of
1 that wonderful river. - idea was
that it branches itself into a variety of
j streams, which fall into the Atlantic O
eeao, at the northern point of the Bay of
‘Guinea.—But the -most plausable opinion,
! is, that it turns to-the Booth, and ultimate
iy terminates is fht river Congo, wl i3
described as ** tone*of the most magnificent
streams in Ihe world ; running with a rapi
dity of 5 or 3 miles an hear, and a width of
nearly au Ell Ksh mile, for many hundred
miles above its mouth, and a depth of not
less than 50 fathoms.’’—-Mr. Bark, was most
strongly of the lat ter opinion.’
Most unfortunate for Park, his journey
to the bunks of the Niger was delayed so
Jong that it interfered with therainy season.
He left England on the3o;h Jamiary, JSI3;
) touched at one off the Cape de Yerds. an
1 M irch, to procure the asses vAqmsite for the
! Caravan; and ou the 38 h Mifth reached
Gorce. fbe plan was to send h.tn with a
detachment of troops, to protect him irom
interri.ptien—and some (i seamen and car
peoters to construct vessels for the naviga
tion of the river.” From the garrisaa at
Goree, his troops were to be selected.
On the 26th April, he left the Gambia, to
cress the country to Niger—-nor did he ar
rive there before October—aa interval ta
tal toal! his prospects —the season tof ra?BS,
and of fevers; which carried off his Euro
ihojis with a tremendous rapidity. The
following extract of a letter to the Secreta
ry of State for the Colonial department,
written from San landing, Nov. i7, 4844?,
will be?t. paint the situation to w hich be
was reduced.
“Your Lordship will recollect, that I
always spoke of the rainy season with hor
ror. as being extremely fatal to Europeans;
‘and cur pmrnerfrom the Gambia the Mi-j
ger w ill furnish ft melancholy proof of it. I
| *1 We had no contest whatever v iih the
| natives, tor v, as any one of us killedtiy wifi!,
animals, or any other aoeideots; a; d jet, 11
am sorry lo say. that of forty fr~ur Lirfo-j
heallh.jTU* only are at present alive, viz. I
jthreg soldiers (one deranged iu his mind) J
: Lit ut. Martvn, and myself. i
Profit thin a “count J rto afraid that
your Lordship will be opt to consider mitt- j
ters as ir a very hopeless state : hut. I as- 1
sure you lam far from desponding. With)
fiie EssistAn* , e of one of Ihc soldiers, I have
changed a large canoe into ft tolerable good.,
s: banner, on boa* and of whieb S ibis Jay |
hoi: led the(British flog, ad shall set sail!
so the east, with the fixed resolution to die
cover illr termination oi the IVitter, or perish
in the attempt. 1 have heard noihing that
1 can depend on respecting the remote
eonrse, of ibis migl-ty stream ; but I am
more and more inclined to think, that at can
end no where blit in the sea.” }
Gallant spirit! thy siiuation was hopeless
indeed, fn a few days thy industrious ca
reer trw cut short—On dcacendißg the Ni-.
ger, Paik was assassinated uearthe village
of Yaour.
The Efier.hurg Review (FUh No.) details
the facts, from which the preetdiug is com
piled - ard adds that “every thing in the
narrative bears witness to the fata? effects
of the wet season, ami equally proves tue
possibility of leading to the Nigci & force ap*
parontJy inconsiderable, but large enough to
prevent insult from small bodies oi the na
tives, and to protect a trading caravan a
gaiofii all ordinary risks.” It also remarks.!
that if the Congo’ “ be the same river with
the Niger, the co-operation of an ascending
or descending parly would offer great fa
cilities and advantages ; while, ii it should
turn out to be a different stream altogether,
the access to the interior would thus be dou
bled.” , _
The enterprise, now undertaken, is con
ducted on these principles —it avoius the
rainy season by being delayed tillSeptem- J
her—and while one psrty ascends the Congo,
another is to descend the Niger. May suc
cess attend their enterprising spirits 1
London, May 1?.
Expedition to J)frica —Letters were last
week received from Major Peddie, the mil
itary commandant of the during enterpi ii.e
of peuetratiug Africa, and tracing the
course of the river Niger. The letters are
dated Senegal, the 15th of March; they
mention that the expedition will not leave
that j)ln.e* before September next, on account
of the rainy season. In the meau lime the
Major was making every necessary pre
paration, collecting information Tom every
p?rson who had travelled any distance iu
the interior, making himself acquainted
with the most minute circumstances res
peeling the fate of the lamented Park., to
rviard himself from the mistakes commit
ted by the toclcbratsd trftveUcr. ile writes
that every person ia the expedition is
the highest spirits, and, from the admira
ble plans laid down, they rel confident of
ultimate success. Our readers are acquain
ted th it there are two expedition* proceed
ing to explore Africa—the one proceeding
by boats up the river Congo, Lie other tra
!c,V the river Niger. Major Peddie coda
mardsthe latter ; the general opinion en
tertaiuetl is, that both river* join, & dmpfy
• themselves nto immense morasses; in th#
interior of-Africr. The two expeditions arw
1 in Consequence expected to meet.
! €& —"■ ■’ -S ■■
FOKEItiN.
latestTokkion news.
Boston, July 13.
By the ship Bruius, which arrived thf#
day from London, we have received
dou papers to the 31st of May, from
the following articles are extracted :
London., Miy St.
The British funds eonthtue to rise—owiw§f
to the eennomy displayed by government* ‘**
the recent tiunicrous retrenchments.
Mr. Canning has accepted the office of
president of the board of control j and a
member o f parliament is to ha chosen iu hi#
stead for Liverpool.
Mr. Brougham gave notice of a motion
for the destruction of ihe treasury record*
of the income tax. The chancellor of lira
exchequer said they should he destroy! and—•
The object of Mr. R. is opposed to luv©
been partly to shew a detestation es the tax 9
and partly because it *Vas improper for go
vernment to possess & schedule of e&eifc
man’s property.
Lord Grenville last right, gave notice ia
parliament, of & itKrti' , n for the next session,
tending to enforce a registration of slaves ia
the West indies, and lord Bathurst declared
government to be ready to concur in effect
ing the measure.
’Paris dates ere to May .$7,
A son of Boissy d’AmJa* has been ar
rested. Also count de Thiars.
The frigate A'mphitrite, and Louvre,
flute, have sailed from France for Pondi
cherry, with count Dopy and suite, govern
or of the French posses-stons iu India.
A squadron from Guadahmpe was to sail
the begtauing of Jane.
| Lady Hester Stanhope, nvaee and com*
panion of the late Wiliiam Pitt, (according
to the French pape* s) is now at the head
|cf the Bedouin Arsibs in Egypt. She h and
j been an extensive traveller ia ecmpr.ny with
| Bruce, lately tried at Paris, and from the
; feeble, timid woman, has become a strong
land courageous a mason. Her followers
[ look upon her as a superior being, and she
I declares she will never forsake them,
j Miss O’Neill has refused two, the os and
gainers for an engagement ©f three weeks
at the Brioiingham theatre.
1 OJJflce of the -V. ¥. Commercial Advertiser,
Monday, July 15—JV’ocrf,
; From our very attentive and obliging cor
respondent in London, we Slave this morning
(by the way of Boston) received the Lon
don New Price Current of the 2sth of May,
Lloyd’s List of the same date, and London
papers of theSTlh and 30ih. Extracts froua
eat h will be found in the Comaierciail Ad
vertiser this evening
j Mr. Canning and suite, front Lisbon, via
Bordeaux, arrived at Plymouth, in the fri*
gate Gramcus, on the 26th May.
London, May 27.
’ Since cur last we have received the Pa
ris papers es Wednesday, Thursday amrl
Friday. Arrests of the disafLeted still coa
tinue ia various parts es France. A ge
neral Chartran lias been shot at. Lisle, isa
pursuance of bis eentenae, for joining Bo
napirte. TSris miserable victim of tha
times would have beeo pardoned, we pre
sume,” but fur the recent disturbances at
j Grenoble. v .
Courier Extraordinary of Friday vnevnivg^
. Several sifcaH detaehmonls of eoovalesceut
foreign soldiers dtily leave Paris to joia
their respective regiments.
Sunday last, at 3 v. m. the police ar
rested, neer the Rotunda of Vilette, on tba
left of the Basin of that name, five orinuk
’ nals who had escaped from the galleys,
j The arrest of Didier was owing to the
; care of two cf his accomplices, who hoped
to obtain their pardon at this price. Some
papers were found upon him, which were
seized, but sixty-three francs only in money
were found on Lim.
Pajiis, May 24.
Travellers from various parts of France
agree in saying, that never did the fields ex
hibit such luxuriant crop .
On the 6JI of May, there arrived at Per*
pigoo under the guard off gend’armie, a
Spanish general, who was first supposed to
be the famous Mina, but who turns out to
be Vasco. He was shut up in the military
prison of Casrillet, from which he was gen£
into Spain under a good escort, on the 6th-
Giusnoble, May 10.
If is already knows that a reward ot
20;00Q francs has been offered far the cap*
ture of Didier; rewards of 3000 francs haV©
also-been ordered for the capture of* Aadro