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SNOWFLAKES on the sleeping
~ earth their downy mantle fling,
e clanging through the frosty air the
. Christmas joy-gells ring, .
It is the hour of eventide—the glowing
fire burns low,
And in its depths fair pictures gleam of
Christmas long ago.
SEE THE little cottage nestled close
behind the hill;
0 us it was a refuge sweet from every
earthly ill.
The blazing logs upon the hearth give
: forth a ruddy sheen
To tinge the frosted panes bedecked with
wreaths of evergreen.
SEE THE little stockings hung beside
the ingle nook;
see the chnfidish faces—oh, how gay and
(. bright they loak!
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- HE Santa Claus who visits
3 American children dons many
i a quaint and curious guise in
§ making his annual visits in
other lands. He even changes his
]name and sometimes goes as two dif
{ferent persons to the same house. In
tG'ermany, for instance, we find the
jßood children waiting in joyous ex
pectation for the coming of the be
‘loved “Christ Child,” while the
naughty ones are waiting in fear and
I’dread for “Knecht Ruppert.” But
even at his very sternest the dear old
lsaint can not long grieve the heart of
ia'ny child, for after Knecht Ruppert,
bearing an old bell, with which he
gnnounces his coming, and an earthen
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'ot, bolding the presents, has ques
tloned the children very sharply,
fhreatening severe punishments for
41l the mischief of the past year, the
biessed Ohrist Child appears, and lay
4ng his bands on the heads of the
Httle ones, begs Knecht Ruppert.to
i ve them just once more, and give
e their Christmas presents. Then
ihe grass old man, grumbling and
Powiing, finally consents to do so,
d the gifts are taken from the
| hen pet and distributed by the
Ohedst Child.
f Whe Christ Child is very generous,
£Of Re is mot often content with giving
She Alldren their gifts in this way,
e must have a Christmas tree as
iWefl. The Christmas tree is lighted
Bn Caristmar Eve, so that the little
(Qerman ehfldren have a pretty long
SMristmas, starting in with the
Ohristmas Eve tree, and celebrating
through Christmas Day with feast
{ 8g and lavish gift-making. In Hol
fand the ehildren do not hang up thelr
@tockings, but put their little wooden
f hoes side by slde, in straight rows
b y the fireside, sure that the good old
€aint will All them with goodies be-
Baa
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e morning. In Belgium BBt. Nich
-8 18 the patron saint of the young
plks, and as his death is supposed
ED have oecurred on the 6th of De
gmber, about the middie of the sixth
While from the little trundle-beds their
merry voices hum,
As eagerly they wonder just “when Santa
Claus will come,”
OW BUSY were our mothers then
from morn until they -legt, ’
And from the quaint eld kitchen spicy
odors upward crept
From shelves all groaning ’neath the
pies of pumpkin and of mince—
Such appetizing goodies have 1 never
tasted since. ~
EAR FACES that I see to-night
p have gone beyond the skies,
‘or them the jcgous Christmas Day now
dawns in Paradise. :
But they seem to hover near me in the
firclight’s fitful glow,
Sweet sglrlts of the Christmas-time, dear
Christmas long a’i’o. : :
—Katheriné L. Daniher, in Leslie’s.
century, it is on December 6 that St.
Nicholas Day is celebrated. This day
corresponds with our Christmas, but
the children prepare for the gifts very
differently from our children.
St. Nicholas makes his yearly trip
through Belgium in a white chariot
drawn by four white horses, and the
children, after polishing their little
wooden shoes very brightly on Christ
mas Eve, fill them with hay, oats and
carrots for the good saint’s white
horses. The shoes are then placed
either on a table or before the fire
place and the doors of the room are
closely locked. You may be sure it
is very early the next morning that
{ae little ones unlock the doors znd
rush in the room. Such a scene of
confusion reigns! It looks, indeed,
as 1f the white horses had been there,
for the furniture has all been turned
topsy turvy, and every bit of food is
gone from the little shoes. They are
filled instead with toys and sweet
meats and gingerbread St. Nicholases.
These images of Bt. Nicholas, made of
gingerbread, are a very important
part of the day. No feast is complete
without one, and no home too humble
to secure at least one. They come in
all sizes and in all degrees, from tiny
ones a couple of inches high, without
any ornaments whatever, to the very
large ones, three or four feet high,
richly ornamented with colored icings
and fruits and elaborately trimmed
with tinsel and gold and silver paper.
The white horses of St. Nicholas
change drivers between St. Nicholas
Day and Christmas, for on Christmas
Eve they bear the Christ Child into
Bohemia. It is just at twilight that
the tinkling of silver bells announces
the coming of the Christ Child to the
watching children of Bohemia. Hvery
door and window is then thrown wide
open, and as the white chariot is
whirled swiftly through the air the
Christ Child throws his gifts into the
hands of the children thronging doors
and windows in eager expectation of
his visit.
The Bambino is the Christ Child of
Italy, and the Italfan children are all
taken to church on Christmas mern
ing to worship the Bambino before
recelving his gifts. After a mass has
been said a sacred image of the Bam
bino {8 held by the priest for each
child to kiss, and after this ceremony
is ended the Bambino comes among
the children and distributes hig gifts.
In Spain, where Christmas comes with
roses and sunshine instead of ice and
snow, the children hide their ghoes
and slippers among the blossoming
trees and bushes on Christmas Eve,
and find them filled with fruit, sugar
plums and toys on Christmas morn
ing.
In Bweden and Denmark the great
est mystery and the gayest sort of
merrymaking accompanies the gift
making. The Christmas box s
wrapped in numberless papers, de-
Lhe & hristmag. livmer
Whr L hrigtinag Jifner
L 3 0
- «f, ‘ [ .
HCCIING
.‘ s S f‘~*‘" -
A | \ ,:’ "-
iy g \f. R F ol
, Quster Relirh. = _
\Tomato Birque. ’ / CroutonAl
Boiled Trout, Caper Sauce. .
' Roast Gogre, Apple Sauce.
Marbed Potatoer. Creamed Carralr,
“ Shrimp Salad.
X Orange Sherhet. :
{Celery’.-. ; . Oliver)
; Chrirtmar Pudding.
Coffee. Crackerr and Chegre
" “Nulr and Rairing.j
'signed to conceal its shape and size
as completely as possible, and the
‘name and address of the recipient is
clearly marked upon it; then the box
Is Intrusted to some fantastically dis
guised messenger, who rushes to the
house, gives a resounding rap on door
or window, and as it is opened flings
the box in and swiftly disappears. If
by any chance a door or window is
open when the messenger arrives, so
mueh the better; for then, without
any preliminary warning, the box is
tossed into the house apparently by
unseen hands. The streets are
thronged on Christmas Eve with a
motley crowd. Dwarfs and giants,
angels and devils, fairies and gnomes,
beggars and princes, cripples on
crutches, cavaliers on horseback, rush
helterskelter, pellmell, jostling one
another, joking and laughing, each
one bent upon delivering his Christ
mas box in the most mysterious man
ner possible. A very pretty custom
is taught the children of these North
‘ern countries which it would be well
for you little ones to remember—that
is the old one of feeding all birds and
animals at this great holiday time.
The children hang sheaves of wheat
on the fence and eaves of the building
that the birds of the air may share
the Christmas feast with them, and
all the.animals are given special feast
at this season.
In France, the Jesus Bambin is the
children’s Christmas saint. The
French children, as well as the Dutch,
range their little shoes in front of the
fireplace and find them well filled in
the miorning. In the country places
of France, Jesus Bambin often comes
in the guise of a young girl attended
by angels. On her head she wears a
crown of gold paper, set around with
tapers, and she carries in one hand
a silver bell, and a basket of sweet
meats and toys in the other.
In Austria, the coming of the
Christ Child is told by some one who
takes the part of the angel Galrlel.
The greeting of the angel to the peo
ple who have come to meet the Christ
Child is as follows: “My name is
Gabriel; from heaven I come to greet
you, and to tell you of the approach
of the Christ Child. In my hands I
bear the sceptre He has given me; on
my head 1 WBdI tho Crown ¥Ag the
‘angel ceases to speak a chime of sil
ver bells announces that the Christ‘
Child is near, and a moment later aJ
little figure, white clad and wearing
a golden crown, enters the room, car- ‘
rying a basket filled with nuts, cakes ‘
and fruit. ‘
“Down from high heaven I come
Into your hearts to dwell,”
chants the Christ Child, and then,
while the little ones stand in awed
silence, the Christ Child mingles
among them. He asks each one if he
attends church faithfully, says his
prayers, and is a good, obedient child.
If the answer is yes, gifts accom
panied by loving words of praise are
the reward from the Christ Child;
but if the little one confesses to a had
year, then the angel Gabriel steps for
‘ward, and the unlucky child gets from
his hands only a switch, while the
Christ Child pleads with him to be a
hetter child during the coming year.
Though Christmas is celebrated,
you see, in many ways in these old
lands so far away from us, still in
the Old World, beyond the sea, as
well as in our own, the same message,
“Peace on earth, good will to men,”
is in every heart.—Newark Sunday
Call.
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””
S“YULETIDE,
By William J. Whitemore,
"s ® .—vi"v"-"fi_’_'————-—v-—
» BY BOYS AND GIRLS
A Circus Rug. (By Helen Trew,
Macon, Georgia.)—A circus rug, in
tended for my little nephew, was
made of dull green denfm four feet
long and two and one-half feet wide.
A two-inch border of denim of a
darker shade was sewed around #he
four sides of the rug, and five inehes
in from this binding was placed a.
one-inch band of the same dark green
denim, leaving a five-inch space of
the foundation material on which to
place the circus procession. From
story books and magazines I eunt plc
tures of circus animals, clowns, danc
ing girls on horseback holding aloft
circus hoops, ete., carefully traced
these on gay-colored cambrie, cut
them out and pasted and appliqued
the designs on the light demim be
tween the two borders of darker
denim, to resemble as nearly as pos
sible a circus parade.
A Sled and Skating Sail. (By Ray
mond Morrigon, Erie, Colorado.)—
Make your runners of one-inch pine,
thirty-six inches long and five inches
high. Shaving and rounding off the
front of the runners to a good angle,
nail strips of tin on the bottom of the
runhers. Place them about one foot
apart, and nail strips eighteen inehes
lon‘fi across, 50 that three inches pro
ject on each side. Use a half-inch
board two and one-half feet long
for the seat, and bore two holes in
this board for the rope. When com
pleted this was a very attractive
Christmas gift.
For the skating sail T used a piece
of wood seven feet long. Two and
one-half feet from each end I naiked
an upright plece of wood one yard
long. I took two pieces of eanvas
each one yard square, and fastened
these sails to the uprigat masts.
A Slipper Needle Book. (By Hagel
Hope, Joneshoro, Georgia.)—The two
soles should be cut out of cardboard,
padded with cotton and covered with
pretty velvet or woolen. A cap of
the velvet should be sewed on the
end of one of the goles, and serves
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as a pocket for the thimble or thread.
A rosette of red satin ribbon is placed
on the top of the oo‘;l? to imitate the
bov,on . Suglip 'he heels of the
two g}fi;pors 'ugt‘)t’éi{d”be Jolned at the
back ;and finished with a ribbon, by
which the slipper is hung up. The
edges should be bound with white
silk cord, and inside there should be
three pieces of white flannel for the
needles.
- ) L\
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\om - \e;. \‘v" ‘ l
A
A Croquet Inkstand. (By Harold
Jackson, New York.)—Cut a eroquet
ball in two a little above the centre.
In the larger section bore a hole, to
contain the Ink well. Saw off the
bottom so that it will stand firm, and
attach the cover by means of a brass
hinge. Draw a design and color and
varnish the whole. On the top out
line'a monogram by little brass nails
driven close together,
The African peanut is less delicate
than the American as an artiele of
food, but it yields more generously in
oil and i 8 more easily crushed.
Darwinian 17 |
nian Theory
TN U MBS RN SSR
An Error to Suppose It Has Been Finally
Accepted by Scientific Men,
I $ AT DS, RO
By L. H. Starkey. .
Mt Ppo g Ny
DWARD DOBSON assumes that “the evolutionary doctrine is
no longer debatable except in minor phases.”
It is an odd thing that the “evolutionary doctrine” (by
which is probably meant the hypothesis of genetic evolution
by natugral selection), which may be called the Darwinian
" w theory, is popularly supposed to be finally accepted by the
scientific world,
—_——l There could be no graver error. Natural selection is at
best a working hypothesis with a minimum of scientific evi
dence and a maximum of more or less ingenious but loose and unscientific
reasoning. »
John Girard says, speaking of Darwinism: “In spite of its great name, its
success has throughout been popular rather than scientific, and as time went
on it has lost ground among the class most qualified to judge. Bvolutionists
there are in plenty, but very few genuine Darwinists, and among these can by
10 means be reckoned all who adopt the title, for not a few of them, like
Romanes and Weissman, profess doctrines which cannot be reconciled with
those of Darwin himself.”
Professor Huxley, an ardent exponent of Darwinism, could not unreserv
edly accept the theory, and a score or more of scientific men-of the first rank
could be named who “reject Darwinism altogether or admit it only with fatal
reservations.”
That higher forms of organic life have been evolved from lower is not dis
puted, but that all organic life has been so developed genetically from sub
stantially the same form of germ plasm is very far from an accepted scientific
fact. Apart from biological research, which cannot be conclusive, all we have
to guide us are the fragmentary records of paleontology, which, when critically
eetamined, certainly do not help the affirmative very much,
! It is not possible without encroaching seriously upon your space to show
the many obstacles to the aeceptance of the theory in question, but generally
speaking, the fossil records of organic life are fertile with evidences antago
nistic to the hypothesis of genetic evolution, while the evidence required to
support it is conspicuous at every turning point by its absence, and has to be
supplied by the ingenious imagination of its advocates. As M. Fabre says
(quoted by Girard): “Let us acknowledge that in truth we know nothing
about anything as far as ultimate truths are concerned. Scientifically consid
ered, nature is a riddle to which human curiosity can find no answer. Hy
pothesis, the ruins of theories are piled one on another; but truth ever es
capes us. To learn how to remain in ignorance may well be the final lesson
of wisdom.”
Th ni rs of }
e Reasoning Powers of
»
Animals i
AST 55RNe R 1 e %
By Albert F. Shore, :
Member American Association for Advancement
Upsroncmtie sl e of Jcience.
R — HILE Ido not discredit the reasoning power of elephants or
‘ beavers, however limited it may be, it does not demand ex
i I pert observation to decide positively that at least animals of
; | feline genus and some other carnivorous ones, as for in
———w=sm] stance the bear, are wholly destitute of reason. Why? In
: | Central Park, New York, the reason is engraved in not only
| hard cement, but in the nose of a cinnamon bear. This ani
mal is fenced in, but he can easily see freedom outside, and
he has long ago made up hie mind to secure his freedom by
walking outside of this cruel inclosure. Seelng that the broad side of the
- would bar him, the bear made for the front corner; but, seeing this
corner impregnable, he naturally turned toward the other unexplored corner
quite undaunted. Of course, he is again disappointed, but since the first dis
appointment was forgotten by the shock of the second, he hopefully again
returns to the said first cornér, and so on, hour after hour, days, weeks, and
year after year. Lions, tigers, leopards, etc., do exactly as does this bear;
but I will say of this particular bear, that although he has worn deep holes in
the cement floor in both corners of alternate hope and despair, his nose has
become worn by his systematic swing of the head in spurning these really
hopeless corners of escape. There is as yet no clear impression on the mind
of this bear that his long search for freedom ts really hopeless. But this un
daunted bear can be convinced, as by cutting off his view of freedom without,
and It would aleo teach us a lesson—that the difference between gimple intui
tion and reasoning is enormously great.
What little reason exists in animals is so feeble, that the slightest intui
tive activity on their part will easily hypnotize their reasoning powers. Imita
tion, as proved by the monkey or the parrot, and still more so by small chil
dren—just because they have a larger brain area—may become go extensive
that almost all the product of reasoning minds may be faithfully memorized
and imitated, although the minds engaged never themselyes ever reason ex
cept to a negligihle degree,
T oWy LI
The Brain and Dru
E and Drugs
0 S A
% By Dr. William Hanna Thomson.
e, O sensible person belleves that drugs do not affect the brain,
‘ and yet this doctrine seems to fit in with so many facts
l that some clear demonstration of its fallacy is much.need
| ed. It is the physiclan who should be asked what he has
— .__--i to say on the subject, because naturally he is the one best
| qualified to know whatever {s known about both drugs and
f brain. Moreover, lately he has made great discoveries
el 2bOUL the relations of the brain to the mind by observa
tions, which he alone could make, of the effects of local in-
Juries to brain matter caused by disease or by accident,
But how different the facts about these two subjects are from what
most people imagine he shows by saying that drugs no more affect the brain
than insanity does—that is, not at all!—except alcohol, which does injure the
brain, though not at all on account of its mental effects, but for the very dif
ferent reason that alcohol has a chemical affinity for the albumen and fats of
the tissues. By this chemical action it slowly alters and damages brain tis
sue, but this resgult in no wise differs from similar alterations produced by
alcohol in the tissues of the liver and of the kidneys. Tobacco is a powerful
poison, and yet no autopsies can show the least difference between the brain
of a life-long emoker and that of one who never lit a cigar, Likewise, the
brain of an cpium field is indistinguishable from any other brain, and so on
for the rest.—Everybody's Magazine,
RRLrGQaARRANNUURANR RN R RT]
Spiri w n
pirit of New Japa
R B W Y —rerary
By George Trumbull Ladd.
& bbb db 444 T has hitherto been uniquely characteristic of the New Japan
that, where experience %t home or eriticism from abroad
has revealed deficiencies and difficulties it has gone intelll-
I gently and deliberately about the work of supplying the de
z ficlencies and of overcoming the difficulties, The fear of
.g..“.q.q..x0i the wisest and best of her statesmen at the present time is
gfi:z:*** not 50 much that Japan will not hold her own, businesswise,
~.9.;.4..;.m: in the rivalries of commerce and trade; it is rather that
she will be overwhelmed and degraded by absorbing the in
fluences of the commercial spirit now rife in Great Britain, America and Ger
many. To safeguard, expand, elevate and extend to the whole nation, with
its varid classes, that spirit which has characterized in the past their own
best types of manhood, is with them their chief cencern~The Century,
